Vol 31 (2023): NO ()

Full Issue

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Articles
IMPACT OF THE CITY RECREATION AND SPORTS ENVIRONMENT ON HEALTH OF ITS RESIDENTS
Rotov V.M., Gorenkov R.V., Chumakov A.S.
Abstract
Recreation and sports environment is an essential part of the urban space, which is the most important factor in improving and maintaining health of the citizens, contributing to better mental health, cognitive functions, lower overall mortality, higher life expectancy, lower morbidity and mortality from cardiovascular diseases, prevalence of obesity and type 2 diabetes, better pregnancy and birth outcomes. Recreation and sports environment of the urban space includes the city's greenery, recreational areas, areas for physical activities and sports, and waterfront areas. This study uses a correlation analysis to analyze the impact of the city recreation and sports environment on health of the working and post working population. The study was conducted in 2019 on the example of large and huge urban cities of the Moscow region populated with more than 125,000 people. Based on the correlation analysis results, the authors have demonstrated the impact of the overall set of all sports facilities, sports structures, flat sports structures, swimming pools, sports halls, and public green spaces in cities on health of the post working population. The study has also shown the impact of swimming pools, the overall set of all types of sports facilities, sports structures, flat sports structures, sports halls, and public green spaces in cities on health of the working age population. The authors come to the conclusion that development and ongoing support and maintenance of the city recreation and sports environment serve as an important objective of the city administrations, resulting in the improved physical activity of the citizens and lower morbidity among the urban population.
Problems of Social Hygiene, Public Health and History of Medicine. 2023;31(\S2):1132-1137
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ASPECTS OF THE USE OF MEDICAL DEVICES FOR REMOTE PATIENT MONITORING
Andrusov V.E., Pakhuridze M.D., Skvortsova E.V.
Abstract
In the Russian Federation, it is legally determined that telemedicine technologies are considered as any actions with any data obtained during a remote communication between doctors (councils, consultations), remote medical patient monitoring, including using medical devices. Medical devices with a function of remote transmission of the measurement data are used to detect diseases in some workers that impede their duty performance. There are hardly any publications on the experience of using such devices in other aspects of medical care. The issue of medical devices enhanced with remote data transmission to ensure standard of measurements has been elaborated in great detail. In terms of applicability in telemedicine technologies, remote patient monitoring devices are used to measure blood pressure and human body temperature, detect alcohol vapors in the exhaled air, record electrocardiogram. There is also patent activity. In 2019—2023, remote transmission of the measurement data including by medical devices was protected by a large number of invention or utility model patents. Nowadays, there are no legal, technological barriers to the use of medical devices enhanced with remote data transmission in primary care. In 2023—2024, 8 constituent entities of the Russian Federation are conducting a pilot project on remote patient monitoring with medical devices.
Problems of Social Hygiene, Public Health and History of Medicine. 2023;31(\S2):1138-1145
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PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF THE PROGRAMS AIMED AT MYOCARDIAL INFRACTION PREVENTION BY RELEVANT MORTALITY RATES
Savina A.A., Feiginova S.I., Grigorov A.A., Zemlyanova E.V.
Abstract
Background. Despite implemented measures and general favourable trend, number of patients with myocardial infarction remains high, younger people are increasingly becoming ill and dying. The study purpose: to estimate age-sex mortality dynamics from acute and recurrent myocardial infarction in adults in Moscow compared to Russia’s average in 2007—2021 to reveal patterns of mortality change within the implementation period of state prevention programs. Material and methods. Standardized adult mortality rates for Moscow and Russia, mean expected age at death within interval 20—85 years and gain in life expectancy when eliminating this cause calculated and analyzed. Results: Moscow morbidity rates for acute and recurrent myocardial infarction are twice lower than Russia’s, there are higher reduction rates for both diseases — by 16% and 58% respectively. During study period, mortality from myocardial infarction in men was by 45% higher than in women. In 2007 Moscow male-female difference estimated 3% and in 15 years it became 32% due to faster female mortality reduction. Whereas Russia’s average age of death from myocardial infarction in 2021 returned to 2010—2011 levels, then in Moscow during 2020—2021 female rates returned to 2008’s and male rates fall out the study period. Conclusions. Since implementation of the first programs on reducing mortality from chronic non-infectious diseases during the 15 years period morbidity and mortality rates from myocardial infarction reduced in Russia and Moscow in all ages. Acute and recurrent myocardial infarction have rejuvenated both in men and women as a negative effect of the pandemic.
Problems of Social Hygiene, Public Health and History of Medicine. 2023;31(\S2):1146-1152
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RISK FACTORS, TREATMENT ORGANIZATION AND QUALITY INDICATORS FOR CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE IN PRIMARY CARE SETTINGS: DUTCH EXPERIENCE
Andreev D.A., Kamynina N.N.
Abstract
Introduction. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), usually in advanced stages, is associated with high mortality, being the third leading cause of death worldwide. In the Netherlands, care delivery to patients with COPD has become a focus of the regional medical community, since the COPD death rates in this country are higher than the European Union average. However, between 2011 and 2021, the number of people with COPD (under follow-u by general practitioners) decreased. The experience of this country is interesting, as a large set of measures to improve the situation has been developed and implemented in this region. The purpose of the study was to analyze the experience of the Netherlands in organizing medical care for COPD in primary care settings. Material and methods. The search for scientific literature sources was carried out using the PubMed database and Google system. The search time horizon equaled to 5 years. Results. In the Netherlands, in the system of care delivery to patients with COPD, primary care settings are heavily burdened. The article summarizes approaches to identify COPD risk factors, summarizes current clinical recommendations as of December 2022, and highlights findings of the study on medical digital platforms with the potential to organize continuous monitoring of patients. The paper exemplifies criteria for assessing the treatment quality in specialized care settings, including primary care. Discussion. It is assumed that the most effective measure to further improve efficacy of COPD treatment is the introduction of remote digital medical devices. A possible integration of the updated standards and quality indicators into digital services will further strengthen the concept of continuous automated remote monitoring of COPD patients. Evidence-based selection and introduction of effective digital solutions into current practice will improve quality of care delivery to patients.
Problems of Social Hygiene, Public Health and History of Medicine. 2023;31(\S2):1153-1158
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READINESS FOR INTERSECTORAL COOPERATION TO PRESERVE HEALTH OF MEGALOPOLIS POPULATION
Vasilyeva T.P., Moskvicheva L.I., Benislavskaya O.A., Makarova V.I., Drobizhev M.Y., Allenov A.M.
Abstract
Introduction. For a better understanding of issues related to health-preserving activities for the benefit of city population, theoretical knowledge about the attitude and readiness of all interested parties for intersectoral cooperation is needed. The purpose of the study is to analyze readiness of the participants of health-preserving activities for intersectoral cooperation in Moscow. Material and methods. In 2023, a one-time, one-time study of intersectoral responsibility, commitment and awareness, as well as satisfaction with individual health care (original test cards) was conducted among different participants in the health care of the population of the city of Moscow (n = 1007). From among them, participants were identified -workers of «medical» infrastructure facilities of urban space, participants-workers of other facilities (sports, culture, industry, waste disposal, transport, food, trade, education and others) and the population as a participant in intersectoral health saving. Results. The research based on the original integrated assessment methodology shows insufficient readiness for intersectoral cooperation to implement health-saving activities for the benefit of Moscow population. Immature intersectoral responsibility, literacy, motivation for teamwork noted among the participants of the unified health-preserving city space determines the lack of internal conviction that it is necessary to deal with both own health, and health of other members of the urban community. Conclusion. The data obtained can form basis for new methodological approaches to prioritize control measures to improve intersectoral cooperation between the participants of health-preserving activities in the metropolis.
Problems of Social Hygiene, Public Health and History of Medicine. 2023;31(\S2):1159-1164
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REGIONAL DIFFERENCES IN FERTILITY RATES IN REAL GENERATIONS IN RUSSIA (ACCORDING TO THE 2020 POPULATION CENSUS)
Arkhangelsky V.N., Kozlova O.A., Kalachikova O.N.
Abstract
Studies on birth rate regularities in Russia in the context of the task of ensuring reproduction of the population remain relevant. Assessment of the scale and trends in regional differentiation using the method of calculating birth rates in real generations of women makes it possible to obtain a more reliable picture of the ongoing processes, to assess the reproductive potential and target groups for the most effective implementation of demographic policy measures. The article presents results of calculations of fertility rates in real generations of women for all regions of the Russian Federation in line with the 2020 population census. The analysis has identified significant differences in the scale and patterns of fertility in the generations of women in the Russian regions. In 34 constituent entities of the Russian Federation, the difference (in one direction or another) between places in rows in terms of the average number of children born to women aged 40—44 (according to the 2020 population census) and the total fertility rate (2021 data) exceeds 10 places. The potential is best realized in the national republics, while in the regions of Central Russia small families prevail. The prognostic possibilities of using the expected numbers of children are proved, and the use of the total fertility rate indicator as a target for the Russian average indicators was validated. Interregional differentiation is significantly higher for the third birth, which is confirmed by the calculated coefficient of variation.
Problems of Social Hygiene, Public Health and History of Medicine. 2023;31(\S2):1165-1170
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COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE EUROPEAN AND RUSSIAN MODELS OF MEDICAL EXAMINATION (OVERVIEW)
Oynotkinova O.S., Matskeplishvili S.T., Maslennikova O.M., Kuraeva V.M., Pavlov A.I.
Abstract
Screening or its synonym medical check-up is the result of a health indicator, representing results of a medical examination and an effective tool of disease prevention. The concept of the term screening in European countries implies active detection of a disease or a premorbidity in people who are considered or consider themselves healthy. Medical check-up is a set of measures that includes preventive medical examination and additional methods of examinations conducted in order to assess the state of health and carried out in relation to certain groups of the population. The study and analysis of the international screening model and experience of its implementation, its role in the system of primary health care, including rehabilitation, is very important in terms of shaping public health at the international level. The article discusses regional trends in screening (medical check-up) and issues related to the conceptual and methodological aspects of medical check-up organization in the context of public health and prevention of risk factors. The data were searched in Scopus Web of Science, MedLine, the Cochrane Library, PubMed.
Problems of Social Hygiene, Public Health and History of Medicine. 2023;31(\S2):1171-1175
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APPLYING ROBUST MANAGEMENT APPROACHES TO TRANSIT TO VALUE BASED HEALTHCARE
Shvets Y.Y.
Abstract
Health systems require continuous improvement. Along with that, despite the pace of the society development, they face a number of global problems, which can be solved by the transition to value based healthcare through robust management. The purpose of the study is to analyze the relationship between sustainable healthcare management and life expectancy in the regions of the Russian Federation, with a special focus on the impact of robust management factors on this indicator. The study used theoretical methods: observation, measurement, comparison, analysis, modeling, synthesis, study and generalization, as well as practical ones: modeling using Pandas, Numpy, Scipy, Geopandas, Sklearn, Matplotlib and Seaborn packages for the Python programming language. The study resulted in the construction of a tree like model of the relationship of indicators, which made it possible to obtain a multi level list with the mutual influence of factors and thresholds. By examining the dynamics in the relationship between health management strategies and life expectancy across regions, we sought to identify key control factors that can be used to improve health outcomes across the country and assess which ones have more and less impact. The result of the analysis was the determination of the threshold values of indicators, the change in which leads to a significant change in life expectancy.
Problems of Social Hygiene, Public Health and History of Medicine. 2023;31(\S2):1176-1182
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METHODICAL APPROACH TO THE CONSTRUCTION OF THE INDEX OF DOCTORS CONFIDENCE IN THEIR ACTIVITIES
Russkikh S.V., Larionov A.V., Vasiliev М.D.
Problems of Social Hygiene, Public Health and History of Medicine. 2023;31(\S2):1183-1188
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ACTUAL STRATEGIES FOR PREVENTING TYPE-1 DIABETES: INTERNATIONAL LITERATURE REVIEW
Grechushkina N.A.
Abstract
The exact etiology and mechanisms that trigger the development of type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM1) are not conclusively studied. However, there is increasing scientific evidence that damage to pancreatic islet cells (β-cells) in genetically predisposed individuals is initiated by environmental factors. Currently, the main tactic of DM1 treatment at the stage of clinical manifestations is based on insulin replacement therapy. The introduction of modern insulin drugs and devices for its delivery, as well as continuous glucose monitoring systems into medical practice does not relieve patients from the need to take this hormone for life. Therefore, the development of methods to prevent DM1 remains the main task of diabetes research. This article was prepared based on a review of current publications from the PubMed bibliographic database. The article discusses strategies targeting environmental triggers, methods to regulate the immune response using current cellular approaches and novel autoantigens, as well as off-target effects of the BCG vaccine and general principles of personalized prevention.
Problems of Social Hygiene, Public Health and History of Medicine. 2023;31(\S2):1189-1196
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URBAN STRESS OF A MEGALOPOLIS RESIDENT: STRESS FACTORS AND CORRECTION
Aksenova E.I., Kamynina N.N., Turzin P.S.
Abstract
Residents of a megalopolis are constantly exposed to urban stress — the combined effects of a number of different extreme factors and living conditions of the urban environment. Urban stress of a megalopolis resident has an extreme complex multifactorial effect on his body and psyche. The features of the existing subspecies of urban stress (ecological, psychological, social, informational, professional, related to the pandemic), as well as the main stress factors causing them, are considered. The medical and social features of urban stress are described. The consequences of exposure to urban stress, directly related to human health disorders, include the so-called «urban stress diseases» or «diseases of civilization», primarily psychosomatic diseases. It is determined that urban stress is a multifactorial complex of stress factors affecting the physical and mental health of megalopolis residents. Due to the fact that an increasing number of megalopolis residents are experiencing the negative impact of an aggressive urban environment, it is necessary both to formalize stress factors in order to possibly correct them to improve the quality of life of citizens, and to develop appropriate optimizing medical and social recommendations. Modern organizational and medical and social measures aimed at reducing the negative impact of urban stress on the health of megalopolis residents are considered. It is proposed to minimize the negative impact of extreme urban stress factors on the physical and mental health of megalopolis residents by using therapeutic and preventive strategies to increase their stress resistance. There are a number of different organizations and departments in Moscow that provide psychological and psychotherapeutic support. Also, in order to determine the level of the body's reserves and stress resistance, it is possible to undergo a comprehensive examination both in the nearest polyclinic and in the nearest park within the framework of the Healthy Moscow program.
Problems of Social Hygiene, Public Health and History of Medicine. 2023;31(\S2):1087-1091
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SPECIFICS OF PROFESSIONAL STRESS OF MEDICAL WORKERS IN THE POST-COVID PERIOD
Bonkalo T.I., Polyakova O.B.
Abstract
The purpose of the study is to determine the specifics of occupational stress among medical workers in the post-COVID period. Material and methods. The study involved 620 medical workers who worked and are working in the red zone. Questionnaires for susceptibility to stress at work, assessments of occupational maladaptation, occupational stress, occupational stress test, occupational stress scale, K. Pearson's correlation criterion and the Chaddok—Snedekor scale were used. Results. The study has identified the following specific features of occupational stress among medical workers in the post-COVID period: above the average level of sings of somatovegetative disorders (26.05); average level of the general indicator for assessing professional maladaptation (67.66), signs of sleep and wakefulness cycle disturbance (8.36), signs of feeling tired (5.96), signs of decreased motivation for activity (4.25), signs of decreased general activity (5.87), signs of deteriorated well-being (22.18), signs of emotional shifts (7.31), stress at work (9.25), stressful impact of professional activity on a specialist (995), stressful conditions and neuroses (24.91); below the average level of occupational stress (2.37), signs of characteristics of social interaction (6.82), signs of characteristics of individual mental processes (3.04). A noticeable relationship was established between the sign of somatovegetative disorders and the stressful impact of professional activity on a specialist (0.636), and the general indicator of assessing professional maladaptation (0.598), and stress conditions and neuroses (0.582), and the sign of deteriorated well-being (0.573), and stress at work (0.569), signs of disturbed sleep and wakefulness cycle (0.555), emotional shifts (0.542), feelings of fatigue (0.531), decreased overall activity (0.525) and motivation for activity (0.519).
Problems of Social Hygiene, Public Health and History of Medicine. 2023;31(\S2):1197-1201
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PUBLIC HEALTH RISK THREATS ASSOCIATED WITH CORONAVIRUS INFECTION IN MOSCOW AND THE NEED TO COUNTERACT
Kalininskaya A.A., Kizeev M.V., Lazarev A.V., Balzamova L.A., Smirnov A.A.
Abstract
Purpose of the study: to determine the main threats to the health of the population of Moscow based on the analysis of the medical and demographic situation in Moscow and the Russian Federation in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, in order to develop management decisions at the regional level.
Problems of Social Hygiene, Public Health and History of Medicine. 2023;31(\S2):1202-1206
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FUNCTIONING OF THE INSTITUTIONS FOR ASSESSING QUALIFICATIONS OF MEDICAL SPECIALISTS IN OUTPATIENT AND INPATIENT SETTINGS
Kolennikova O.A., Toksanbaeva M.S.
Abstract
The study of the level of appropriateness of the institutions for assessing qualifications of medical specialists with regard to their purpose is relevant due to a number of manifestations of the dysfunction of these institutions and the need to eliminate them. It is advisable to analyze these phenomena not only in general, but also from individual angles, including in the context of their functioning in outpatient and inpatient conditions. This perspective allows us to identify additional aspects of the dysfunction. The study was carried out on the basis of statistics of the Moscow Healthcare Department and materials of two surveys of medical specialists conducted in 2019 and 2022 by the Department. Opinions of medical personnel in polyclinics and hospitals about advantages and disadvantages of the work of institutions of accreditation and certification to get a qualification category were studied. The shortcomings were associated with the dysfunction factors. It is established that these shortcomings are ranked according to the level of significance. The most significant out of them (high workload and lessened incentives for advancement in skills) are characteristic of both types of medical institutions and their divisions, but more pronounced in outpatient settings. It is shown that a number of shortcomings were eliminated by legislation and due to the development of the infrastructure for continuing medical education. However, some shortcomings cannot be eliminated within the institutions themselves, and further reforming of the healthcare system is required.
Problems of Social Hygiene, Public Health and History of Medicine. 2023;31(\S2):1207-1212
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MANAGEMENT SOLUTIONS USING DIGITAL TECHNOLOGIES IN THE HEALTHY MOSCOW PAVILIONS
Bezymyanny A.S., Grinin V.M., Mingazov R.N., Mingazova E.N.
Abstract
The digital transformation of healthcare is an integral part of the priorities in modern healthcare. A striking example of the practical implementation of compliance with the basic principles of digital healthcare is the Healthy Moscow project, which has been implemented since 2021, which has become a real breakthrough in Russia in ensuring accessibility and convenience in providing medical care to the population. The aim of the project is the early prevention of chronic non-communicable diseases, the formation of a healthy lifestyle and the improvement of the well-being of Moscow residents, as well as the development of a conscious attitude to taking care of their health. Pavilions in the park areas of Moscow are an integral part of the modern medical infrastructure, providing convenient conditions for obtaining medical advice and information. The article provides information on the types of digital technologies and basic equipment that the pavilions (large and small) are equipped with as part of the Healthy Moscow project, it is shown that the introduction of digital healthcare technologies is one of the key tasks of the national strategy of Russia, which contributes significantly contribution to the successful implementation of the Healthy Moscow project.
Problems of Social Hygiene, Public Health and History of Medicine. 2023;31(\S2):1213-1218
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ANALYZING THE IMPACT OF HEALTH-SAVING TECHNOLOGIES ON THE LIFE QUALITY OF THE ELDERLY URBAN POPULATION WITH MULTIMORBIDITY (EXEMPLIFIED BY PATIENTS WITH ACUTE LOWER LIMB ISCHEMIA)
Stasevich N.Y., Yagovkina N.V., Abdullin I.I., Sarkisyan A.D., Kuznetsova M.A., Saprykina A.I.
Abstract
As the population ages, the prevalence of chronic diseases increases and, accordingly, the probability of simultaneous occurrence of many chronic diseases among the elderly population increases, which affects the dynamics and prognoses of the underlying disease. Prevention of complications of concomitant semantics for the underlying disease seems to be a complex medical problem, the solution to which is aimed at improving the quality of life of patients. Based on the data obtained, the effect of polymorbidity on the course of acute lower limb ischemia (ALLI) was studied in the elderly urban population. The purpose of the study is to analyze the effect of multimorbidity on the life quality of the elderly urban population, exemplified by patients with acute lower limb ischemia.
Problems of Social Hygiene, Public Health and History of Medicine. 2023;31(\S2):1219-1224
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PUBLIC AWARENESS ABOUT INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY, ITS CAUSES AND EFFECTIVENESS OF INTERVENTIONS BY SPECIALISTS
Golenkov A.V., Shmeleva S.V., Bonkalo T.I.
Abstract
The purpose of the study is to analyze perception of the adult population about intellectual disability (ID), its causes and effectiveness of specialist interventions. Material and methods. 1119 people were interviewed (men — 441, women — 678) aged 18 to 85 years (mean age — 34.3 ± 14.5 years). Urban residents — 851 people (76.1%), rural dwellers — 268 (23.9%). Each respondent was offered one vignette describing a sick child aged 8—10 with ID: typical, dyslalic, bradypsychic and dysphoric. Mathematical and statistical processing included descriptive statistics and calculation of the χ2 distribution. Results. 49.1% of the respondents have correctly recognized ID in vignettes. Out of the incorrect answers, various psychological characteristics prevailed (25.3%) of the child; negative character traits with pessimistic assessments (23.2%); illness, including mental disorders (18.6%); defects in education and upbringing (15.6%). The respondents most often (38.5%) suggested assistance by psychologists, especially to patients with a bradypsychic variant of ID, a speech therapist — with a dyslalic one, teachers — with a typical one, psychiatrists — with a dysphoric one. 85.3% of the respondents expected improvement in the child's condition after the specialist intervention. The probable causes of ID included improper upbringing and disharmonious family relations, more often in case of a typical variant, hereditary burden and early childhood diseases — in dyslalic, alcohol consumption, poverty — in dysphoric, all of the above — in case of a bradypsychic variant. Conclusion. The study has identified an insufficient level of public awareness of ID, reflecting its delayed diagnosis in children, peculiarities of the “channels” for seeking assistance with excessively high expectations of the condition improvements.
Problems of Social Hygiene, Public Health and History of Medicine. 2023;31(\S2):1225-1230
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MODERN TRENDS IN IMMUNOPROPHYLAXIS (ANALYSIS OF FOREIGN EXPERIENCE)
Kamynina N.N., Nechaev O.I.
Abstract
Currently, immunoporphylaxis reaches the population through information support, mass vaccination sites and the system of monitoring warning. The capabilities of information technologies have made it possible to monitor the patient's health at all stages of life, regardless of the place of medical care delivery (including vaccination). The use of mathematical modeling technologies coupled with the queueing theory made it possible to develop an optimum location scheme of vaccination sites. Organization of the work of vaccination centers considered the need to optimize travel arrangements of the recipients and operating costs. The integration with geographic information systems contributes to the adequate distribution of vaccination centers in densely populated areas. The availability of information support made it possible to create the following innovative vaccination solutions: “get a vaccine without ever leaving your car” (with prior registration on the website), vaccination at pharmacies (with the subsequent data transfer to the cloud storage), deployment of vaccination sites at sports and religious facilities. Compact mobile vaccination sites have proven their effectiveness in both sparsely populated areas and in places with a high throughput. Effective performance of mass vaccination centers is impossible without the use of effective information and communication technologies. The systems ensure interaction between the patient, medical professionals and software that allows you to write, read or update in real time the database located in the data storage center. The information technologies of vaccination have made it possible to create a system for continuous support of immunoprophylaxis.
Problems of Social Hygiene, Public Health and History of Medicine. 2023;31(\S2):1231-1236
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ANALYSIS OF THE MAIN PERFORMANCE INDICATORS OF DAY HOSPITALS IN MOSCOW IN 2017—2022
Bocharova M.O., Podchernina A.M.
Abstract
The article presents performance indicators of the capital day hospitals for the period from 2017 to 2022. The analysis has identified a high demand for this type of medical services in Moscow. A separate analysis focused on indicators of day hospitals subordinate to the Moscow Healthcare Department deployed at outpatient (polyclinic) medical facilities, as well as institutions providing inpatient care. The bed capacity structure and number of treated diseases by pediatric and adult population have been analyzed in detail. The study has identified main trends in dynamics in a number of indicators characterizing the development of hospital-replacing forms of care delivery in Moscow in recent years. The study is based on of the Federal statistical observation form # 14 — DS «Information on day hospital performance in medical organizations».
Problems of Social Hygiene, Public Health and History of Medicine. 2023;31(\S2):1237-1242
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THE STATUS OF THE SERVICE OF MEDICAL STATISTICS ACCORDING TO THE STAFF SURVEY RESULTS
Kamynina N.N., Brazhnikov А.Y., Shakhova N.V.
Abstract
Inroduction. The Medical Statistics Service plays an important role in providing a medical organization with timely, high-quality statistical information. Therefore, it is important to study the opinions of specialists on the organization of this work. Purpose. To analyze the opinions of the staff of departments (offices) of medical statistics on the current work organization. Material and methods. A survey was conducted among employees of the departments (offices) of medical statistics of the Moscow inpatient facilities. The survey results are presented as a frequency (in percent) of the choice of the answer options with a 95% confidence interval. Frequency confidence intervals were calculated using the EpiInfo 7 program. Results. A total of 103 employees of the departments of medical statistics of the Moscow inpatient facilities took part in the survey. The majority of the respondents has a 20-year experience or more (29.1%). 61.3% of the heads of the departments of medical statistics, 70.4% of the doctors-statisticians and 74.2% of the medical statisticians stated a lack of a qualification category. The majority of the respondents were positive in their evaluation of the work organization of the medical statistics service (79.6%). The significance (importance) of the medical statistics service is unconditionally understood by 86.4% of the respondents. The respondents demonstrated a high degree of job satisfaction and work environment (10 scores out of 10). Conclusion. The study has identified a fairly positive attitude of the respondents towards their work, and the medical statistics service in general. However, the results obtained have also raised new questions, in particular, why specialists in this area do not have qualification categories, why they are not satisfied with the possibility of career growth, etc.
Problems of Social Hygiene, Public Health and History of Medicine. 2023;31(\S2):1243-1247
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LEGAL BASIS FOR THE MOVEMENT OF MEDICINES ACROSS THE CUSTOMS BORDER OF THE EURASIAN ECONOMIC UNION BY LEGAL ENTITIES
Ananchenkova P.I., Vrubel M.E., Shegai M.N., Tonkonog V.V.
Abstract
The issues of the movement of medicines across the customs border of the Eurasian Economic Union are timely and relevant, due to the increase in the turnover of medicines in the Russian Federation. The article deals with the issues of import and export through the customs border of the Eurasian Economic Union of both registered and unregistered medicines in the Russian Federation by legal entities. In addition, the authors investigated the regulatory and legal procedure for the movement of medicines across the customs border of the Eurasian Economic Union containing narcotic and psychotropic substances. Topical issues of falsification of medicines and criminal norms of the law on combating it are touched upon. The analysis carried out in the work allowed the authors to identify the existing problems of regulatory regulation of the issue under study and propose a solution.
Problems of Social Hygiene, Public Health and History of Medicine. 2023;31(\S2):1248-1256
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CHARACTERISTICS OF THE VALUE-BASED ATTITUDE OF MEDICAL WORKERS TO HEALTHY LIFESTYLE
Arseenkova O.Y., Aksenova E.I., Vorobeva A.V.
Abstract
Reduction in the medical labor reserve leads to economic losses, therefore, the issue related to medical personnel health improvement is relevant at all management levels in healthcare. The article presents results of the survey of doctors in Moscow, reflecting their own attitude to a healthy lifestyle and related self-preserving behavior patterns. The searches focused on the analysis of activities of medical workers related to health improvement and promotion and analysis of psychosocial attitudes of medical workers. The article presents results of the survey of doctors of different specialty providing primary health care at Moscow polyclinics. The survey used Health-Promoting Lifestyle Profile, HPLP-II. HPLP-II is actively used by both foreign and Russian scientists. It has been validated on the Russian sample. Respondents give their responses scoring the degree of their agreement with an item by the following blocks (health responsibility, physical activity, spiritual growth, nutrition, interpersonal relations and stress management). Using this questionnaire, the authors have evaluated healthy lifestyle of medical workers as a multicomponent structure for better understanding of major priorities in self-preservation behavior of physicians. Based on the survey results, the authors have ranked the scales to identify priority factors affecting the formation of the value-based attitude to healthy lifestyle by medical workers.
Problems of Social Hygiene, Public Health and History of Medicine. 2023;31(\S2):1092-1096
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HUMAN RESOURCES MANAGEMENT OF A PRIVATE MEDICAL ORGANIZATION
Snegireva Y.Y., Ananchenkova P.I., Gurtskoy L.D., Shkrumyak A.R., Metelskaya A.V.
Abstract
The article deals with the issues of human resources management of a private medical organization. The author investigates the current state of the staffing of Russian healthcare: the provision of specialists in the healthcare system, professional motivation and prospects for the development of private medicine. In recent years, a system of private medical organizations has been formed in the Russian market of medical services, which provide medical care in parallel with state medical structures. Research in the field of human resource management in healthcare of a theoretical and practical nature shows that the problem of personnel shortage in the field of medicine is urgent and needs to be solved. One of the factors of insufficient staffing of medical organizations is the underinvestment of the healthcare industry over a long period and low preparedness for emergency situations and response to them, which has worsened under the influence of the rapid spread of the coronavirus pandemic. In conclusion, it is concluded that the main task of the effective functioning of a medical organization and the provision of high-quality medical services is the management of human resources. The purpose of this study is to consider the issues of human resources management of a private medical organization.
Problems of Social Hygiene, Public Health and History of Medicine. 2023;31(\S2):1257-1262
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THE IMPACT OF HEALTH ON THE FORMATION OF HUMAN CAPITAL
Ananchenkova P.I., Kudryavtsev M.G., Shegai M.N.
Abstract
The paper examines the importance of health as a part of human capital, the role of which is that only a healthy person can work efficiently and with full potential; a healthy person can work more efficiently; a healthy person can work productively and thus contribute more to the development of the country's economy; an unhealthy person becomes a burden for both the organization and in general for the country.
Problems of Social Hygiene, Public Health and History of Medicine. 2023;31(\S2):1263-1267
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TOPICAL ISSUES OF FUNCTIONING AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE SINGLE MARKET OF MEDICINES OF THE EURASIAN ECONOMIC UNION
Tonkonog V.V., Ananchenkova P.I., Shimanovskyi N.L., Vrubel M.E.
Abstract
Currently, the Eurasian Economic Union regulates all stages of the circulation of medicines, including their development, preclinical research, clinical trials, industrial production, pharmacy manufacture, sale, storage, transportation, medical use, return to the manufacturer or supplier and destruction. Legal regulation of medicines in the EEU is carried out at several levels: at the level of the legislation of the EEU and at the level of the national legislation of each of the member states. As part of the formation of a common market for medicines in the EEU countries, more than seventy regulatory legal acts were adopted. The article analyzes the regulatory framework governing the functioning of the common market of medicines of the member states of the Eurasian Economic Union, considers the registration of medicines under the uniform rules of the Union, the functioning of a unified information system and the approval of.
Problems of Social Hygiene, Public Health and History of Medicine. 2023;31(\S2):1268-1274
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REGIONAL DIFFERENTIATION OF DEMOGRAPHIC DYNAMICS IN RUSSIA AND THE ROLE OF HEALTHCARE
Nioradze G.V., Topilin A.V., Vorobyova O.D., Ivanova A.E.
Abstract
The article examines the role of the processes of natural and migration movement of the population in changing the total population of the regions of Russia for more than two decades of the XXI century. Six possible combinations of these processes are proposed, which result in either an overall increase in the population or a reduction. During the period under review, various scenarios in a number of regions had fairly stable trends — a constant decline in the population or a stable increase in it. Moreover, such stability was determined either by a stable natural increase exceeding the migration decline, or by a stable decrease in the population as a result of a stable natural decline or migration outflow. But many regions experienced both the turbulence of reproduction and migration processes, as a result of which the overall result for population dynamics also changed. For the first time, a typology of Russian regions was carried out according to the frequency of the influence of natural and migration growth on the total population of the regions. This allowed further studies to consider the role of migration processes on the demographic aging of the population of the regions.
Problems of Social Hygiene, Public Health and History of Medicine. 2023;31(\S2):1275-1281
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WORLD EXPERIENCE: HOW THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE PRINCIPLES OF ACADEMICIAN OF THE ACADEMY OF MEDICAL SCIENCES OF THE USSR N. A. SEMASHKO HELPED ICELAND TO CREATE ONE OF THE MOST EFFECTIVE HEALTHCARE SYSTEMS IN THE WORLD. PART 1. HISTORICAL OVERVIEW
Ragozin A.V., Safonov A.L., Grishin V.V., Stochik A.A.
Abstract
The review article is devoted to the healthcare system of Iceland, which demonstrates some of the best indicators of public health in the world at relatively low costs for a developed European country. The successful experience of Icelandic healthcare is important for Russia, on the one hand, due to the proximity of this country to many Russian regions in terms of climatic and geographical location, demography and territorial development. On the other hand, the success of Iceland's healthcare is closely linked to the development of a model, in many ways similar to the Soviet model of Nikolai Semashko, which Russia has abandoned. The authors believe that Iceland's experience can be used in the modernization of regional healthcare systems in Eastern Siberia, the Far East and the Arctic, as well as Russian healthcare in general.
Problems of Social Hygiene, Public Health and History of Medicine. 2023;31(\S2):1282-1289
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WORLD EXPERIENCE: HOW THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE PRINCIPLES OF ACADEMICIAN OF THE ACADEMY OF MEDICAL SCIENCES OF THE USSR N. A. SEMASHKO HELPED ICELAND TO CREATE ONE OF THE MOST EFFECTIVE HEALTHCARE SYSTEMS IN THE WORLD. PART 2. PRINCIPLES FUNCTIONING OF THE ICELANDIC HEALTH SYSTEM
Ragozin A.V., Safonov A.L., Grishin V.V., Stochik A.A.
Abstract
The review article is devoted to the healthcare system of Iceland, which demonstrates some of the best indicators of public health in the world at relatively low costs for a developed European country. The successful experience of Icelandic healthcare is important for Russia, on the one hand, due to the proximity of this country to many Russian regions in terms of climatic and geographical location, demography and territorial development. On the other hand, the success of Iceland's healthcare is closely linked to the development of a model, in many ways similar to the Soviet model of Nikolai Semashko, which Russia has abandoned. The authors believe that Iceland's experience can be used in the modernization of regional healthcare systems in Eastern Siberia, the Far East and the Arctic, as well as Russian healthcare in general.
Problems of Social Hygiene, Public Health and History of Medicine. 2023;31(\S2):1290-1296
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DIALOGUES WITH NEURAL NETWORKS ABOUT THE PRESENT AND FUTURE OF MEDICAL PROFESSIONS: RISKS AND PROSPECTS
Aksenova E.I., Bogdan I.V.
Abstract
The article examines the risks to social perception of health professions in the context of the growing popularity of generative textual and visual neural networks. The article is consistent with the growing body of research that tends to see more risks of this technology, including for healthcare. The second focus of the article — the stereotypes about health professions — is critical, as they have been associated with negative outcomes for the healthcare system. The study primarily focuses on the perception of nursing professionals as most stereotyped by the public. Using uploads from the chatGPT, Kandinsky, and Shedevrum networks, the author has investigated the neural network's embedded perceptions of the nursing profession. Reproduction of certain stereotypes has been identified in all neural networks; the appearance stereotypes (gender, age, race, uniform) are more often shared by visual neural networks, while the function stereotypes (lack of autonomy, dependence on colleagues) — by text networks. Actually, we can assume the risks of a vicious circle, when the network is trained on the largely stereotypical data, and products based on its output increase the scale of stereotypical representations during subsequent training of the neural network. Developers' efforts to avoid reproducing stereotypes are acknowledged, however, the uploads show that they are not fully successful. To prevent the spread of perceptual distortions in neural networks, it is recommended to promote their sociohumanistic evaluation. A «prompt-experiment» is proposed as a mechanism for identifying such risks.
Problems of Social Hygiene, Public Health and History of Medicine. 2023;31(\S2):1097-1103
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SCIENTOMETRIC ANALYSIS OF THE MAIN THEMATIC FIELDS AND KEYWORDS IN THE SUBJECT AREA « PUBLIC HEALTH, ENVIRONMENTAL AND OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH»
Aksenova E.I., Tarkhov K.Y.
Abstract
Research in the field of public health at the global, national, regional and organizational levels continue to be relevant, attracting attention of the researchers who find new aspects of various problems and issues for consideration and analysis in this area. The paper presents results of a scientometric analytical study of the publication landscape for 2019—2021 in the field of public health, using the analytical platform SciVal, the data source for which is the international scientific database Scopus. The study shows positive dynamics and steady growth in most scientometric indicators in the subject area under consideration during the study period. A structural-functional and semantic-linguistic analysis of the top-50 keywords was also carried out, which showed that their ranking position significantly depends on the choice of one of two indicators: either by the number of publications or by relevance. Publications on public health are characterized by a polythematic distribution, providing researchers with the opportunity to make a wide choice in conducting scientific research in the branches of medical science they are interested in, taking into account scientometric indicators characterizing the publication landscape in these areas.
Problems of Social Hygiene, Public Health and History of Medicine. 2023;31(\S2):1104-1108
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GLOBAL DEMOGRAPHIC PROBLEM AND ACTIVE AGING (LITERATURE REVIEW)
Gorbatov S.Y., Aksenova E.I., Burkovskaya Y.V., Ivanov A.V., Gazheva A.V.
Abstract
The article presents an overview of foreign sources devoted to the problems of population aging as a significant phenomenon that has become the most important medical and socio-demographic challenge in the world. The review provides global data on this problem and shows the need for elaborating and implementing active aging strategies, optimizing opportunities for health, participation and safety in order to improve the life quality as people age. The paper employs the method of content analysis of scientific publications retrieved in PubMed database by keywords — «aging», «population aging», «demographic trend», «longevity», and «life expectancy». Scientific publications for the period 2018—2023, WHO and UN materials, statistical data, and popular scientific publications have been studied. The purpose of the review was to analyze trends and global nature of aging based on scientific publications and open sources, and to highlight the most promising areas of the demographic policy on the older adults. In the time of rapid demographic changes, it is extremely important to use all available opportunities that maximize healthy aging with the participation of the older adults. We should remember that aging is a natural process and it is better to accept it, both psychologically and physically, rather than ignore. Healthy aging should become and has become the main principle of life, suggesting a longer healthy life of the older adults, who, in turn, should understand how to accept and implement this principle in their lives.
Problems of Social Hygiene, Public Health and History of Medicine. 2023;31(\S2):1109-1114
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DEVELOPING INTELLECTUAL POTENTIAL OF MEDICAL ORGANIZATIONS: RUSSIAN REALITIES
Burdastova Y.V., Aksenova E.I.
Abstract
Introduction. The Russian healthcare system is in the process of transformation and changes, trying, on the one hand, to solve the accumulated problems, and on the other hand, to meet the modern agenda in the form of new challenges in the field of healthcare and rapidly developing information technologies. Meanwhile, in the course of ongoing reforms, questions of the formation and development of the intellectual potential of employees of medical organizations remain outside the brackets.
Problems of Social Hygiene, Public Health and History of Medicine. 2023;31(\S2):1115-1119
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METHOD FOR EVALUATING EFFECTIVENESS OF SIMULATION TRAININGS IN SURGICAL MANIPULATIONS
Shabunin A.V., Klimakov A.V., Maer R.Y.
Abstract
Performance of varies surgical manipulations (SM) is a key skill in surgery. To develop such skills simulation trainings (ST) are used, followed by a training transfer, which is the ultimate goal of ST However, this training goal is not always achievable — the share of doctors using laparoscopic intracorporal suturing after the training ranges from 43.8% to 72.2%. Therefore, to improve training transfer it is necessity to evaluate effectiveness of such training programs. Current methods evaluate training results either outside real practice or in practice but in small groups due to high cost and efforts consumed. The paper presents a new method to evaluate effectiveness of SM simulation training programs in general population of the trainees, evaluate additional effects of the training and analyze personal factors affecting the training results. The method is based on a survey of the ST program participants, and tested at the Training and Accreditation Center «Medical Simulation Center of the Botkin Hospital» within the program on laparoscopic intracorporal suturing. The rate of training transfer added up to 88.9%. The suggested method makes it possible to evaluate effectiveness of SM simulation training in general population of the trainees, analyze factors affecting the training results and use findings for improving ST programs and methods in general. The method can be recommended for a large-scale implementation in simulation training programs.
Problems of Social Hygiene, Public Health and History of Medicine. 2023;31(\S2):1120-1125
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LESSONS LEARNT FROM COVID-19: TECHNOLOGY FOR ORGANIZING A FORCED SELF-ISOLATION REGIME
Yakushin M.A., Kabaeva E.N., Karpova O.V., Zapovitryannaya A.A.
Abstract
The lessons of COVID-19 have confirmed the effectiveness of measures aimed at strict self-isolation and quarantine. In the People's Republic of China, where any violation of the regime requirements was qualified as a criminal offense, the virus was neutralized when the pandemic was only gaining momentum in Europe and America. However, without proper organization of a restrictive regime, self-isolation can lead to negative consequences in terms of deterioration of health and standard of living. The pandemic has undoubtedly significantly complicated our lives, has taken millions of lives, caused disability, deterioration of material status, rupture of marital ties. One of the reasons for this development of events was the unsatisfactory organization of leisure during self-isolation. The inability to calmly wait out, endure COVID-associated adversities in most countries caused mass popular unrest, gave rise to panic moods. Only those who managed to curb the negative consequences and direct them in the right direction managed to come out of the pandemic with dignity. The authors have developed an organizational technology of the forced self-isolation regime based on the complex of measures and proposed this technology for introduction to daily life of the population during the period of restrictive regimes. The authors are sure that it is especially important to organize leisure and create the most comfortable conditions of the isolated living for the elderly, who are the most sensitive to changes in life stereotypes. The authors propose a set of measures to efficiently organize leisure during self-isolation with physical therapy, cognitive training, as well as measures to fit the body and develop psychological relief, making it possible to reverse the threat of the pandemic in higher health potential and better family relations.
Problems of Social Hygiene, Public Health and History of Medicine. 2023;31(\S2):1126-1131
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BEHAVIOR PATTERNS OF THE POPULATION IN RELATION TO HEALTH
Aksenova E.I., Aleksandrova O.A., Yarasheva A.V., Alikperova N.V.
Abstract
In order to identify the basic patterns of behavior that reflect the attitude of Russians to their health, a large corpus of relevant scientific literature was analyzed, as well as actual statistical data and the results of representative sociological studies concerning various aspects of both self-preserving and self-destructive behavior of Russians. As a result, four basic models of behavior were formed and described, which differ in a set of positive and negative attitudes and characteristic lines of behavior in relation to one’s health («a convinced healthy lifestyle person», «a beginner healthy lifestyle person», «irresponsible» and «self-destructive»). Based on the analysis of statistics and sociological information, it was concluded that even the behavioral model of a «beginner healthy lifestyle person» is implemented by a very minority of Russians. At best, the majority of the population adheres to the «irresponsible» pattern of behavior that involves refusing or reducing the consumption of alcohol and tobacco, but not assuming a rational diet, adequate sleep, physical and medical activity. Hence the task of everyone who has the opportunity to influence citizens, including medical workers, to convey to them the idea that health and longevity are achieved only through systematic and comprehensive efforts. In addition, a number of common misconceptions and unrealistic expectations related to healthy lifestyles were highlighted. Attention is drawn to the fact that subjects capable of exerting an educational impact on citizens, including medical specialists, should not only provide patients with useful knowledge, but also try to protect them from misconceptions and unfounded expectations.
Problems of Social Hygiene, Public Health and History of Medicine. 2023;31(\S2):1081-1086
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