Problems of Social Hygiene, Public Health and History of Medicine
Chief Editor
- Khabriev Ramil Usmanovich - Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences, DSc in Medicine, DSc in Pharmaceutics, Professor.
Journal founders
- FSSBI «N.A. Semashko National Research Institute of Public Health»
- FSBSI Central Research Institute of Organization and Informatization of Health Care of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation
Periodicity
- Since 1993.
- Every 2 months, 6 issues per year
Subscription indexes of the journal
- Catalog "Rospechat" - 73302
Indexing
- Scopus
- Experta Medica Abstract Journals
- Index Medicus
- Index to Dental Literature
- Chemical Abstracts
- Current Digest of the Russian Press
- EBSCOhost
- International Nursing Index
- PubMed
- RSCI
Mission of the journal
- to develop the human potential of the Russian science, to combine the efforts of various categories of researchers, pedagogical and scientific intelligentsia, to create and support a single space for scientific communication in the fields of fundamental and applied science in medicine and healthcare, to create conditions for openness and accessibility of the latest scientific achievements to practical workers, students, teachers and everyone who is involved in the development of the Russian and foreign healthcare and medicine.
The journal is intended to familiarize the Russian and foreign scientific and scientific-pedagogical community, as well as doctoral students, graduate students, undergraduates, practicing specialists and other interested people with new scientific results that are significant in various fields of fundamental and applied science.
The purpose of the journal is to popularize and disseminate relevant and advanced knowledge in the development of healthcare and medicine to a wide range of interested citizens.
The objectives of the journal:
- improving the subject matter and content of the journal, ensuring the unity of the theory and practice of scientific research, the relevance and significance of the published information for the development of scientific and applied knowledge;
- ensuring a positive image of the Journal and the Russian science in general, promoting an increase in the feedback from authors and readers;
- ensuring the objectivity and the information content of the published materials, increasing the readership;
- increasing the efficiency of the publication of scientific articles, as well as the electronic and printing quality of the published Journal.
The journal is registered with the Federal Service for Supervision of Communications, Information Technology and Mass Media (Roskomnadzor) (certificate PI No. FS 77 - 77004 dated 11.10.2019).
Current Issue
Vol 34, No 4 (2026)
- Year: 2026
- Articles: 34
- URL: https://journal-nriph.ru/journal/issue/view/116
Articles
THE MEANS DECREASING LETHALITY AND TRAUMATISM IN TRAFFIC ACCIDENTS
Abstract
This article systematizes and describes main approaches to reduction of traffic mortality and traumatism, including traditional systemic approach and concept of "vision zero". The application of modern, scientifically grounded approaches permits to consider and to prevent impact of risk factors of traffic accidents, related to driver behavior, as well as effect of factors associated with road designing. The conclusion is made about necessity to implement educational programs on educating population to road safe behavior. The necessity to ensure for injured persons prompt access to medical care, as well as to adopt special legislative acts targeted to prevention of traffic accidents.
Problems of Social Hygiene, Public Health and History of Medicine. 2026;34(4):840-843
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THE DEVELOPMENT OF CARDIO-SURGERY IN THREE FEDERAL OKRUGS: SIGNIFICANCE OF THE NATIONAL PROJECT
Abstract
The Federal project "The development of network of National medical research centers and the implementation of innovative medical technologies" supposed to improve accessibility, including high-tech medical care, at the expense of organizational methodological cooperation of specially organized National medical research centers with health care management bodies and profile medical organizations of the Subjects of the Russian Federation. As a result, 73 new structural divisions were organized and 205 new surgical technologies for treatment of the heart and blood vessels were developed in alone 3 Federal Okrugs supervised by the Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution "The A. N. Bakulev Research Center of Cardiovascular Surgery of Minzdrav of Russia". The number of cardiovascular surgeons increased by 14% and by 61% the number of physicians on X-ray endovascular diagnostics and treatment. The number of heart surgeries increased by 35% in 2023 as compared to 2018. The average duration of hospitalization in cardiac surgery departments decreased by 1.1 days, and by 0.9 days on beds of vascular surgery. The absolute majority of the Subjects of the Russian Federation of supervised Federal Okrugs were able to ensure achievement of target values of qualitative indicators of the Program of state guarantees of free medical care for citizens in part of cardiovascular diseases treatment.
Problems of Social Hygiene, Public Health and History of Medicine. 2026;34(4):812-817
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THE INTEGRATION OF TECHNOLOGIES OF NUCLEAR INDUSTRY INTO HEALTH CARE: THE ORGANIZATIONAL ECONOMICAL MECHANISM
Abstract
The purpose of the study is to analyze organizational economical mechanism of integration of technologies of nuclear industry into health care. The methodology is based on systemic, institutional and intersectoral approaches using statistical and structural functional analysis. It is established that in Russia, in 2015–2025 volume of radionuclide therapy procedures increased more than twofold times (from 4–5 thousand to 13–15 thousand procedures annually). The number of centers of nuclear medicine reached 18–22. The percentage of state financing made up to 60%-70%, whereas deficiency of human resources reached 20%-30%. It is established that key limitations of integration are institutional barriers, high capital intensity of projects, regional differentiation of infrastructure. The scientific novelty is in development of organizational economic mechanism of integration of technologies of nuclear industry into health care as interdisciplinary system of interaction between industrial, scientific and medical sectors. The practical significance study results is associated with possibility to apply results under improvement of mechanisms of management of high-tech medical care.
Problems of Social Hygiene, Public Health and History of Medicine. 2026;34(4):863-869
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THE STATE OF AVAILABLE ENVIRONMENT AS FACTOR OF MOBILITY OF PEOPLE WITH DISABILITY IN MODERN RUSSIA
Abstract
The accessibility of social environment for people with disabilities is major condition of social rehabilitation and increasing their individual social mobility based on equal possibilities. By means of social mobility, people with disability receive access to various public benefits and possibility to lead comprehensively rich life. However, in Russian regions barriers of social environment remain to be significant. The study of accessibility of objects and spaces for low-mobile categories of the disabled was carried out in 2025 in conditions of the Murmansk Oblast. The data concerning partial accessibility of environment (accessibility index for all observation elements is 0.28, where 1 represents full accessibility and −1 represents complete inaccessibility) was obtained. However, in a comprehensive assessment of the accessibility of the environment when constructing logistics routes for the spatial mobility of people with disabilities, a lower value (index −0.27) was obtained. However, under complex assessment of accessibility of environment during construction of logistic routes for spatial mobility of people with the disability lesser value was received (index −0.27) demonstrating partial inaccessibility of spatial infrastructural environment. The main reason is fragmentation and randomness of location of accessible objects and absence of available routes to them. The results of the study point to necessity of integrated making of accessible environment, providing conditions for mobility at all stages of movement of people with disability and for all categories of disability. The results of the study can be useful under making accessible environment on territories of the Subjects of the Russian Federation.
Problems of Social Hygiene, Public Health and History of Medicine. 2026;34(4):886-891
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THE MANAGEMENT OF HUMAN RESOURCES IN THE SYSTEM OF REGIONAL HEALTH CARE: IMPLEMENTATION OF THE PROGRAM ZEMSTVO DOCTOR IN THE NORTHERN CAUCASUS FEDERAL OKRUG
Abstract
The problem of deficiency of medical personnel in rural and hard-to-reach territories remains one of the key issues for regional health care system in the Russian Federation. In this regard, major significance acquires realization of state programs targeted to attract and to assign medical workers in regions with unfavorable personnel situation. The purpose of the study is to analyze mechanisms of management of realization of the program Zemstvo Doctor in subjects of the Northern Caucasus Federal Okrug in the context of management of health care human resources. The special attention is paid to identification of factors limiting achievement of targets indicators of program, including organizational, social economical and institutional conditions of the regions of the Northern Caucasus Federal Okrug. The conclusion is made about necessity to improve mechanisms of management of health care human resources, including at the expense of comprehensive support of medical workers and adaptation of tools of program Zemstvo Doctor to regional specifics.
Problems of Social Hygiene, Public Health and History of Medicine. 2026;34(4):892-896
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THE NETWORK INTERACTION OF MEDICAL UNIVERSITIES AND ENTERPRISES THROUGH CORPORATION UNIVERSITIES TO FACILITATE JOB PLACEMENT OF YOUNG SPECIALISTS
Abstract
The article considers role of corporate universities as mediator between higher education institutions and businesses in ensuring employment of young specialists. The purpose of the study is to justify model of network interaction between universities and enterprises through corporate universities to increase possibility of employment of graduates according profile of education and to reduce period of their adaptation at workplace. It is demonstrated that network interaction in format of "university-enterprise-corporate university" contributes not only to employment of young specialists, but also to improvement of quality of human capital in the region.
Problems of Social Hygiene, Public Health and History of Medicine. 2026;34(4):929-933
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THE ROLE OF AI TECHNOLOGY IN MAMMOGRAPHIC SCREENING OF BREAST CANCER WITH EVALUATION OF EFFICIENCY AND POTENTIAL FOR PRACTICAL HEALTH CARE
Abstract
In conditions of increasing workload on organized mammographic screening programs and deficiency of qualified personnel, implementation of auxiliary technologies on the basis of artificial intelligence (AI) acquires special actuality. The results of retrospective cohort study included 100 histologically verified cases of breast cancer (BI-RADS category 6) permitted to evaluate diagnostic efficiency of AI algorithm as compared to independent conclusions of three certified radiologists with length of service more than 10 years. The sensitivity of technology of AI amounted 86%-96%, depending on dichotomization model. The percentage of total coincidence with appraisal of experts varied within the limits 87–91%. The level of concordance, assessed using weighted Cohen’s kappa coefficient, came up to κq = 0.76 (95% CI: 0.68–0.83) that corresponds to “good” concordance. In 1%–3% of cases, the AI algorithm identified suspicious findings missed by experts, at that without increasing volume of groundless examinations due to conservative classification of most disputable cases as BI-RADS 3 with ordering dynamic observation. The obtained results confirm clinical applicability of AI technology as standardizing and relieving tool in practical health care, capable to increase sensitivity of screening and to decrease risk of false-negative conclusions without violation of established clinical protocols.
Problems of Social Hygiene, Public Health and History of Medicine. 2026;34(4):851-856
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THE FORMATION OF SINGLE SPACE OF CORPORATE HEALTH OF STATE EMPLOYEES
Abstract
The professional activities of state employees are associated with increased workload, stress and conflicts and can come out as factor inputting into decrease of health indicators and development of occupational diseases. This article substantiates necessity to change existing approaches to their health preservation. The formation of unified space of corporate health of state employees and transfer of responsibility for maintaining and promoting health to the HR department within the framework of centralization of its functions represents constructively new approach. The purpose of the study is to justify functioning of unified space of corporate health in public service. The novelty of obtained results is in development of methodological basics of functioning of space of health preservation, its levels, principles and directions. The methodology is based on analysis and generalization of propositions of sociology of deviant behavior by E. Durkheim and T. Parsons results of interdisciplinary studies (I. P. Beznosov, A. K. Markova and A. A. Baranov, A. A. Alekseenko, A. T. Arutyunov and P. S. Turzin, R. K. Albaev). The results of the study demonstrated feasibility of organizing health preservation in the system of state public service based on unified corporate space. The corporate health programs can be used as key tool and can ensure flexibility and adaptability in application of technologies preserving and promoting health of employees.
Problems of Social Hygiene, Public Health and History of Medicine. 2026;34(4):801-806
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THE PHENOMENON OF N. A. KASYAN IN THE CONTEXT OF RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN TRADITIONAL MEDICINE AND OFFICIAL HEALTHCARE SYSTEM IN THE USSR (1960–1990s)
Abstract
The article presents historical medical analysis of the activities of N. A. Kasyan (1935–2009), hereditary bone-setter and physician from city of Kobelyaki in Poltava Oblast, who played key role in legalization of manual methods of treatment in the USSR. On the basis of published sources subjected to systematic historical medical analysis for the first time, are reconstructed main stages of his career: dynastic succession of bone-setting mastery across at least four generations, persecution by health authorities (1960s–1980s), role of press in breaking through information blockade, formation of mechanism of “elite patronage” and transition from persecution to public recognition (1982–1990). The particular attention is paid to description of Kasyan's technique, which was fundamentally different from formalized manual therapy and constituted traditional bone-setting based on tactile diagnostics and individual skill defying standardization mastery. The analysis of problem of reproducibility of method (less than 1.5% of physicians who underwent training) demonstrates that institutionalization inevitably transforms tradition. It is demonstrated that activity of Kasyan became decisive catalyst of legalization of manual therapy in the USSR — not through channels of scientific expertise, but through a convergence of journalistic resonance, elite patronage and mass popular demand although legalized specialty fundamentally differed in its content from his bone-setting technique.
Problems of Social Hygiene, Public Health and History of Medicine. 2026;34(4):979-984
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THE FACTORS AND INSTRUMENTS REGULATING HEALTHY LIFE-STYLE
Abstract
The article considers aspects of efficiency of formation and realization of programs of healthy life-style in various groups of population i.e. from pregnant women to adult able-bodied citizen. In every age category were sorted out factors having positive results. The possible reserves were emphasized to optimize program and non-program activity in this direction. The study comprises statistical information that permits to use materials as informational resource with purpose of further propaganda activity. The possibilities to apply digital tools are considered concerning all categories of citizen with designation of their advantages and negative sides. The activization of work of optimization of health preserving technologies permits to increase natality of healthy children, progress in studies of preschool children and schoolchildren, creative and scientific abilities of students, labor productivity in adult population, including pre-pensioners.
Problems of Social Hygiene, Public Health and History of Medicine. 2026;34(4):876-881
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N. N. Blokhin, M. V. Kolokoltsev — the Founders of the Gorky School of Restorative Surgeons. The First National Dermatome
Abstract
The article reconstructs activities of N. N. Blokhin, M. V. Kolokoltsev, the founders of the Gorky Institute of Reconstructive Surgery, Traumatology and Orthopedics before the Great Patriotic War and after the Victory. The results of scientific investigations in the field of reconstructive and plastic surgery that lead to design and implementation of the first National dermatome into operational practice are demonstrated. The leadership of N. N. Blokhin in promoting the latest developments and succession of the staff in development of ideas of scientific adviser as a result of realization became basis of scientific researches in founded scientific school is established.
Problems of Social Hygiene, Public Health and History of Medicine. 2026;34(4):971-978
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THE NEUROPROSTHETICS AND NEUROSTIMULATION: HISTORY OF DEVELOPMENT, KEY ACHIEVEMENTS AND PROSPECTS (THE REVIEW)
Abstract
The purpose of the study is to systematize data from National and foreign publications on history of development, key achievements and prospects of application of neuroprosthetics and neurostimulation. The analysis was carried out concerning databases of PubMed, eLibrary, Cohrane Library, MEDLINE over 2000–2025 according keywords "neuroprosthetics", "neuroengineering", "cognitive neuroprosthesis", "brain-computer interface", "neurostimulation". The review includes 68 full-text sources.
Problems of Social Hygiene, Public Health and History of Medicine. 2026;34(4):825-833
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THE SEAFARING SECURITY OF SHIPS OF MERCHANT NAVY IN CONDITIONS OF ARMED ATTACKS AND PIRACY: THE MEASURES TO PROTECT LIFE AND HEALTH OF CREW
Abstract
The increasing activity of armed attacks, pirate raids and military operations in waters where pass key shipping routes conditions actuality to ensure safety of life and health of crew members of merchant navy. Such threats are accompanied with use of various types of weapons and infliction of injuries of varying severity to crew members, that, under absence of timely medical care results in complications and risk to life. The complex conditions of navigation in zones with high-risk of attacks and remoteness of ships from shore-based infrastructure hinder immediate provision of qualified medical care and evacuation of injured personnel, determining key role of first aid applied by crew aboard vessel.
Problems of Social Hygiene, Public Health and History of Medicine. 2026;34(4):897-904
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THE MOLECULAR GENETIC EXAMINATIONS IN PATIENTS WITH ONCOLOGICAL DISEASES IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
Abstract
The molecular genetic testing is widely applied in clinical oncology not only to choose medicinal treatment, but also to determine prognosis of disease. The accessibility of to molecular genetic testing in some Subjects of the Russian Federation was studied. The analysis, based on data from territorial foundations of mandatory medical insurance and report of the Russian Society of Clinical Oncology (RUSSCO) on the National Program “The development of molecular genetic diagnostics in the Russian Federation with purpose to enhance efficiency of anti-tumor treatment” was carried out concerning volumes of molecular genetic testing in patients with cancer in ten Subjects of the Russian Federation in 2022—2024. Besides general volumes of molecular genetic testing, corresponding testing of patients with colorectal and lung cancer were analyzed in detail. In the most of analyzed Subjects, under application of molecular genetic testing in hospital conditions, disease code is indicated, but not the type of testing. Moreover, testing performed in hospital conditions within the framework of “treatment” hospitalizations rather than diagnostic ones do not permit to evaluate volume and type of testing. Both mentioned facts impede analysis of molecular genetic testing applied. The Subjects of the Russian Federation are highly differentiated in terms of volume of molecular genetic testing applied. The differently directed dynamics of volumes of testing from year to year was discovered. The different accessibility of molecular genetic testing applied to patients with diagnosis of lung cancer and colorectal cancer was marked. The significant role of the RUSSCO program testing patients with lung cancer was established.
Problems of Social Hygiene, Public Health and History of Medicine. 2026;34(4):844-850
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THE EPIDEMIOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF PREVALENCE OF MALIGNANT NEOPLASMS AND DECREASING OF NEGLECT OF ONCOPATHOLOGY IN THE KRASNODAR KRAY
Abstract
The ensuring of accessibility of prevention and organization of efficient early diagnostic of malignant neoplasms is priority task not only for oncologic services but also for health care system of the Kray as a whole. The analysis of main indicators of prevalence of malignant neoplasms and functioning of oncologic service in Krasnodar Krai in 2016–2025 is presented. Over 10 years of active oncological preventive activity, the percentage of patients with early stage of malignant tumors increased from 57,1% up to 63,0%. The decrease of percentage of malignant neoplasms registered at stage IV, from 19,2% in 2016 to 18,0% in 2025.
Problems of Social Hygiene, Public Health and History of Medicine. 2026;34(4):857-862
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THE ACTUAL ISSUES OF IMPLEMENTATION OF PER COPY REGISTRATION OF MEDICAL ARTICLES WITHIN THE FRAMEWORK OF MANDATORY MARKING
Abstract
The article presents results of comprehensive analysis of step-by-step implementation of mandatory marking of medical articles as key mechanism of ensuring traceability of their turnover. the particular attention is paid to consideration of transition to per copy accounting significantly transforming activities of all participants of turnover: manufacturers, importers, distributors, pharmacies and, most importantly, medical and preventive treatment facilities. The minute analysis was applied to organizational and technological difficulties occurring under implementation of the given system: necessity in total transition to electronic circulation of documents using universal transfer documents, requirements for integration of medical informational systems into state informational system of monitoring “Honest Sign”, risks of errors under verification of marking codes, problem of “double remainders” under separation of flow of commodities by date of putting into circulation, as well as increased load of medical personnel in conditions of staff shortage. The research established steady trend towards toughening of requirements to traceability of medical articles, confirmed by establishment of prompt deadlines for completion of transition periods and introduction of total per copy accounting from September 1, 2025 with subsequent spreading to gloves from March 1, 2026. It is substantiated that mentioned system, being effective tool of state control that ensure transparency of public purchases, control of counterfeit and possibility to track movement of goods from manufacturer to specific patient, requires in its current implementation further optimization of processes. The conclusion is made that key factors of successful practical implementation of system of per copy accounting are thorough integration of accounting systems with operators of circulation of electronic documents, transition from hand scanning to aggregated accounting, as well as division of responsibility between medical and administrative personnel. The participants capable to build the given processes receive not only protection from financial sanctions and reputational losses, but also real tool to increase operational efficiency in conditions of transparent digital environment.
Problems of Social Hygiene, Public Health and History of Medicine. 2026;34(4):818-824
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FEATURES OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL DETERMINANT IN THE SUBJECTS OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION DEPENDING ON THE RATIO OF URBAN AND RURAL POPULATION
Abstract
The life and health of the population depends on environmental factors of the habitat by 20—25%. The ecological state of the environment influences the occurrence of various diseases. Assessing the impact of environmental factors on the health of the population is a complex and multifaceted process. In this paper, the authors reflect the process of formation of the ecological index of well-being of the population (EI), which is formed on the basis of environmental indicators in all subjects of the Russian Federation and its possible use.
Problems of Social Hygiene, Public Health and History of Medicine. 2026;34(4):917-922
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DEVELOPMENT OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH IN MEDICINE IN THE POST-CLASSICAL PERIOD OF SCIENTIFIC ESTABLISHMENT
Abstract
The article presents views on the development of science and scientific revolutions with focus on public health and considering the ideas of V. S. Stepin and T. Kuhn. V. S. Stepin identified three types of scientific rationality in the development of science (classical, nonclassical and post-nonclassical), and also formulated the concepts of 4 global scientific revolutions from the XVII century to the present. The post-nonclassical period of the development of science (the end of the XX — beginning of the XXI century) was characterized as the formation of interdisciplinary connections in large-scale problem-oriented research, replacing the monodisciplinary research of previous periods of the development of science. One of the most cited in world science is T. Kuhn, who introduced the concepts of "paradigm shift" into scientific terminology as the basis of his not always logically sound analytical approach to the development of science. Therefore, the authors propose to interpret global scientific changes, including in healthcare, through a more scientifically based Stepin’s classification.
Problems of Social Hygiene, Public Health and History of Medicine. 2026;34(4):965-970
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The digital tutorship as mechanism of development of professional competences of medical workers
Abstract
The article considers digital tutorship as modern mechanism for development of professional competencies of medical professionals in the context of digital transformation of health care and transition to model of continuing medical education. The actuality of topic is conditioned by increasing complexity of clinical practice, expansion of application of digital technologies, development of telemedicine, medical information systems, artificial intelligence and remote education formats. The purpose of the study is to substantiate significance of digital tutorship in system of professional development of medical personnel and to identify its main functional directions. Based on results of analysis of official documents of the WHO, normative and strategic documents of the Russian Federation, as well as data from systematic reviews, it is demonstrated that digital tutorship can be considered not only as form of professional support, but also as tool to form clinical, digital, communicative, organizational and research competencies. The conclusion is made that it is necessary to institutionalize digital tutorship in medical organizations and to integrate it into system of continuing medical and pharmaceutical education.
Problems of Social Hygiene, Public Health and History of Medicine. 2026;34(4):940-944
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THE PHYSICAL ACTIVITY OF ELDERLY PEOPLE AS FACTOR OF ACTIVE LONGEVITY
Abstract
The article considers impact of physical activity on formation of active longevity. On the basis of analysis of scientific publications, data is summarized concerning effects of physical activity on cardiovascular system, musculoskeletal system, cognitive functions, psychological state and social activity of elderly adults. It is demonstrated that regular motion activity contributes to maintenance of functional independence, to decrease of risk of age-related diseases and to support of quality of life in elderly age. The conceptual pattern highlighting physical activity as backbone factor of active longevity. The study has theoretical analytical character and can be applied under development of programs of prevention and health promotion of elderly population.
Problems of Social Hygiene, Public Health and History of Medicine. 2026;34(4):882-885
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THE MOTHERHOOD AND CHILDHOOD CARE IN ETHIOPIA. REPORT I
Abstract
According to the strategic plan of the Ministry of Health of Ethiopia, maternal and children health (MCH) is National priority task. The purpose of the study was to analyze status and problems of MCH system in Ethiopia based on available foreign publications.
Problems of Social Hygiene, Public Health and History of Medicine. 2026;34(4):945-948
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THE LOW-QUALITY DRINKING WATER AT SHIP AS THREAT OF DAMAGING HEALTH OF SAILORS AND DEVELOPING OCCUPATIONAL DISEASES
Abstract
The normal professional activity of crew members of seagoing vessels requires permanent access to drinking water. The quality and safety of water are determined by combination of indicators characterizing physical, chemical, bacteriological, organoleptic and other properties. On particular vessels of merchant navy, drinking water may contain chemical substances or microorganisms contributing to development of intestinal infections and viral diseases. Furthermore, law-quality water on ship board can contribute to development of occupational diseases among sailors. The article reveals procedure to supply seagoing vessels with drinking water, defines minimal quantitative standards of daily consumption per crew member, identifies requirements to quality of drinking water and possible causes of their breach. The possible occupational diseases of gastrointestinal tract and main illnesses among crew members caused by poor-quality water on board ships are identified. On the basis of study results, practical recommendations are formulated to prevent development of negative trends.
Problems of Social Hygiene, Public Health and History of Medicine. 2026;34(4):905-910
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THE RELATIONSHIP OF PSYCHO-SOCIAL RISKS OF WORKSPACE WITH PROFILE OF PROFESSIONAL BURNING-OUT IN WORKERS OF INDUSTRIAL ENTERPRISES
Abstract
The purpose of the study was to carry out comparative assessment of prevalence of psycho-social risks of occupation environment and their relationship with profile of professional burnout in males employed into working professions at petroleum refinery and metal-working enterprises. Materials and methods. Five hundred and twelve male blue-collered workers aged between 19 and 59 years took part in the research. The sampling included 512 males aged 19–59 years occupied in harmful conditions of work at petroleum refinery (PRP) and bearing production (BPP) plants. The psycho-social risks of occupational environment (PCR) were assessed dichotomically in conformity with GOST R 55914–2013. The intensity of professional burnout was evaluated by using Russian version of the MBI-GS questionnaire. The workers employed at PRP more frequently mentioned irritating effects of work-related psycho-social risks against those employed at BPP. In comparison to PPM staff, the refinery workers were more likely to report irritating effects of work-related PSRs. The common PSRs for both types of workers were heavy workloads and working during weekends and holidays. The main aspect of formation of professional burnout in examined males regardless of enterprise profile, was reduction of personal achievements, statistically significantly associated with social support and interpersonal relationships.Besides, low professional self-esteem of those employed at BPP correlated with organizational factors of PSR. The established structural factors of PSR and their correlation with profile of professional burnout can be claimed at evaluation of intensity of work process in individuals engaged in working professions, as well as under development of targeted measures improving psycho-social working environment.
Problems of Social Hygiene, Public Health and History of Medicine. 2026;34(4):870-875
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THE SOCIOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF OCCUPATIONAL MEDICINE: TO PROBLEM STATEMENT (THE REVIEW)
Abstract
The purpose of the study is to summarize and to analyze results of national and foreign studies concerning incorporation of sociological studies in occupational medicine. The analysis of databases of PubMed, eLibrary, Cohrane Library, MEDLINE was carried out according keywords: "sociology of occupational medicine", "social factors", "occupational risk", "occupational diseases", "occupational pathology", "the occupational risk management system". The sampling for analysis included 257 sources. The publications review permitted to substantiate incorporation of sociological studies on medicine, health, traumatism, morbidity, labor, employment, professions and risk as basis for new problem field in occupational medicine. This area can be denoted as "the sociology of occupational medicine" and in considerable extent has applied character. The consideration of social problems is directly related to development of general scientific knowledge and formation of concept of risk, including in medicine. The practical application of results of theoretical methodological and applied sociological studies can contribute to critical comprehension of key factors of management of occupational risks, improvement of quality of life of workers and preservation of labor longevity.
Problems of Social Hygiene, Public Health and History of Medicine. 2026;34(4):807-811
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THE CORRELATION BETWEEN MEDICAL SOCIAL FACTORS AND LEVEL OF LIFE EXPECTANCY IN RUSSIA
Abstract
The life expectancy is not only the indicator of the achievement of the National development goal of the Russian Federation, but also complex indicator that is affected by the number of factors. The purpose of the study is to analyze relationship between medical and social factors and life expectancy of population of the subjects of the Russian Federation (selection of optimal set of predictors to build regression model).
Problems of Social Hygiene, Public Health and History of Medicine. 2026;34(4):781-786
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THE ORGANIZATION OF PRIMARY HEALTH CARE RENDERING BY GENERAL PRACTITIONERS: MODERN STATUS AND WAYS OF OPTIMIZATION IN CONDITIONS OF MODERNIZATION OF RUSSIAN HEALTH CARE (THE REVIEW)
Abstract
The article analyzes current state of primary health care rendering involving general practitioners in health care system of the Russian Federation. The purpose of the study is to identify key areas to improve their work optimizing accessibility, quality and efficiency of medical care. The methodology is based on analytical method and content analysis applied to normative legal acts, scientific publications and regional practices, selected from e-libraries and official sources. The research areas also included historical legal analysis of evolution of normative regulation of activity of general practitioners. The study implemented assessment of qualification characteristics, functional duties and range of rendered medical services, including potential of to perform functions of specialists. The particular attention is paid to assessment of various models of organizing work of general practitioners in the Subjects of the Russian Federation. The systematization is applied to experience of measures of regional social support of general practitioners targeted to in-taking and keeping staff, highlighting dominant motivational factors. In conclusion, the key problems hindering effective implementation of concept of general practitioner in practical health care are summarized: lack of unified approaches to determine volumes and spectrum of rendered specialized medical care by general practitioners, professional standard and typical requirements to equipment of for their offices. The proposals are formulated for further optimization of functioning of general practitioners, including necessity to develop complex of regional measures of support, unification of material and technical support and approval of professional standard of general practitioner.
Problems of Social Hygiene, Public Health and History of Medicine. 2026;34(4):795-800
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THE EVALUATION OF CHANGES IN STAFF NORMATIVE SUPPORT OF MEDICAL CARE ACCORDING THE PROFILE “OPHTHALMOLOGY”
Abstract
The purpose of the study was to analyze changes in the staff normative standards for medical care in specialty “ophthalmology.” To implement health care development tasks, to meet patient needs and to achieve required quality of medical care, it is necessary to ensure adequate staff normative standards for medical personnel. Amid persistent trends of staff shortages and professional burnout among health care workers, this task is of primary importance. The comparative analysis of previously effective and new labor documents in ophthalmology reveals their differences, while comparisons with the actual number of ophthalmologist positions determine the need-or lack thereof-for changes in staff planning. The increase in the normative number of ophthalmologists specified in the Procedures for Providing Medical Care in Ophthalmology serves as guideline to adjust training volume of medical personnel in this specialty. To improve regulatory framework on labor, it is essential to eliminate contradictions noted in publication across concurrently effective documents regarding staff normative standards for junior medical personnel in outpatient care and to amend staffing for 24-hour operations.
Problems of Social Hygiene, Public Health and History of Medicine. 2026;34(4):934-939
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THE CRITERIA OF POPULATION HEALTH ASSESSMENT
Abstract
The attempt was undertaken to systematize and to structure concepts related to population health, its components and criteria. It was supposed each level of health is to be assessed by aggregation of unified criteria that are hierarchically linked since health determinants determine health indicators that in turn characterize health resources. Such an approach permits to objectify technology of assessment of health, facilitates data processing and opens up prospects for automated health monitoring at all its levels. It is proposed to use unified medical informational analytical system as source of information for data processing. To reach new level of health assessment serious preparatory work is needed: health indicators are to be reviewed in terms of their informativeness and each one is to be equipped with algorithm of decision-making support adapted to specific tasks (clinical, organizational or managerial ones). Although automation makes it possible to include almost any variable into model, key condition remains preliminary data validation to eliminate unreliable indicators.
Problems of Social Hygiene, Public Health and History of Medicine. 2026;34(4):787-794
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THE GENESIS OF CHINESE SANITARY EDUCATIONAL DISCOURSE (ON MATERIAL OF COLLECTION OF POSTERS OF THE RUSSIAN MUSEUM OF MEDICINE)
Abstract
The article presents results of comprehensive research study of Chinese sanitary educational discourse based on materials of posters from collection of the Russian Museum of Medicine. The examined visual sources have not been previously published or analyzed as distinct phenomenon with its own specificity. The actuality of investigations is determined by revival of interest to sanitary education as means to maintain public health, as well as need for discursive analysis of methods and means of representing medicine in art within framework of different cultural and historical contexts. The purpose of the study was to build classification of Chinese sanitary educational posters and to analyze their artistic and linguistic features. The study was carried out at the intersection of museology, culturology, semiotics and discourse theory. The analysis of collection permitted to identify key thematic directions and artistic genres. The posters are dated from 1950s — period of intensive cooperation between the USSR and the People's Republic of China. The subject-matter of posters — disease prevention, service to workers, peasants and soldiers, unification of traditional Chinese and Western medicine and integration of health care with mass movements — correspond to goals established on All-Chinese National health care conferences in 1950 and 1952. The genre originality of Chinese sanitary posters reflects interweaving of artistic traditions of Chinese primitivistic style and New Year benevolences, depictions of people against the background of nature and calligraphy with ideological directives actual for that period.
Problems of Social Hygiene, Public Health and History of Medicine. 2026;34(4):960-964
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ON THE ISSUE OF ORIGIN AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE IVF SERVICE IN RUSSIA AND ABROAD (THE REVIEW)
Abstract
The article considers history of development of technologies of in vitro fertilization (IVF) technologies according databases of Scopus, Web of Science, CyberLeninka, RSCI and others. The important stage in their evolution became implementation of method of intracytoplasmic sperm injection that revolutionized approach to the most complicated cases of male infertility. Yet another significant breakthrough in the field of auxiliary reproductive technologies became development of method of vitrification — ultra-rapid freezing of biological material and the number of other methods that in the upshot contributed into organization of first specialized centers of fertility treatment centers worldwide. In 1987, the USSR Ministry of Health Care officially approved application of IVF in medical practice. The development of IVF became possible due to rapid progress in field of reproductive medicine, in-depth study of infertility issues and longstanding expertise of specialists from various fields of medicine. The integrated approach permitted not only to improve IVF procedure itself, but also to analyze risks, undesirable effects and to study pregnancy complications.
Problems of Social Hygiene, Public Health and History of Medicine. 2026;34(4):834-839
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IMPLEMENTATION OF A DYNAMIC SURVEILLANCE PROGRAM FOR EARLY CANCER DETECTION IN HEALTHY INDIVIDUALS CARRYING PATHOGENIC VARIANTS
Abstract
The aim of the study was to develop and evaluate a multidisciplinary clinical routing model for healthy carriers of pathogenic germline variants for early cancer detection. An organizational study was conducted involving the creation of a registry of pathogenic variant carriers and implementation of a surveillance program including genetic counseling, specialist consultations, and instrumental screening. The registry included 986 carriers of pathogenic variants, including 551 clinically healthy individuals. During follow-up, 57 malignancies were detected, predominantly breast cancer; all cases were diagnosed at stages I—II. The study demonstrated that the clinical value of genetic testing is realized only within an organized system of patient routing and dynamic surveillance. The proposed model may serve as an organizational prototype for monitoring individuals at high hereditary cancer risk.
Problems of Social Hygiene, Public Health and History of Medicine. 2026;34(4):911-916
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THE MEDICAL DEMOGRAPHIC AND EPIDEMIOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF ONCOLOGICAL DISEASES IN THE OSH OBLAST
Abstract
The malignant neoplasms remain one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide, which necessitates continuous epidemiological monitoring. The study is based on analysis of official state medical statistics for 2016–2023 and is targeted to assess regional characteristics of oncological pathology in the Osh Oblast. The indicators of cancer morbidity and mortality, age- and gender-specific structure of patients, distribution of malignant neoplasms by localization and territorial differences were analyzed. In 2016–2023, in average 900–950 new cases of malignant neoplasms were registered annually in the Osh Oblast, corresponding to 118.6–123.4 cases per 100,000 of population. The individuals under 60 years of age made up to approximately 55% of patients. The most common cancer localization was breast, stomach, lung and uterine. The annual mortality among newly diagnosed patients reached 29.6%. The statistically significant territorial differences were identified between urban and rural populations. The study results testify high oncologic burden in the Osh Oblast and emphasize necessity for further improvement of organization of oncologic care and early detection programs.
Problems of Social Hygiene, Public Health and History of Medicine. 2026;34(4):949-953
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THE SOVIETIZATION OF TRANSPORT MEDICINE OF THE RUSSIAN FAR EAST (1917–1924). REPORT I. RUPTURE OR SUCCESSION?
Abstract
In June 1923, the head of department of railway health care in the Russian Far East submitted to the highest governing body of Bolshevist Far East report describing history and current state of health care on the Ussuri Railway. The author — doctor M. V. Michurin — held top position in medical hierarchy of post-Imperial Russia, since he was at the head of structure of strategically and economically important branch. Even in conditions of political instability, rulers tried hard to preserve and to enhance transport medicine. In his report, Michurin emphasized this succession, being unaware of ideology of tabula rasa of Soviet People’s Commissariat of Health Care (Narkomzdrav). In the early 1920s, Commissioner N. A. Semashko insisted that Bolsheviks inherited ruins of health care. The article retraces conflict between Michurin's evidences of succession with Bolshevist ideology of rupture.
Problems of Social Hygiene, Public Health and History of Medicine. 2026;34(4):954-959
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THE ANALYSIS OF JOB PLACEMENT OF GRADUATES OF STOMATOLOGICAL FACULTY IN STATE AND PRIVATE MEDICAL ORGANIZATIONS
Abstract
The continuous retrospective study was conducted concerning employment of graduates from the Faculty of Dentistry at Irkutsk State Medical University, who completed their studies in 2023–2025, as of early 2026. The percentage of graduates working in their specialty remained stable during analyzed period, ranging between 45%-52%. The redistribution of young specialists from public to private sector was revealed. So, by 2025, the number of employed in public medical organizations decreased by 26.1%, while employment in private sector increased by 4.8%. This resulted in shifting in dominant labor market segment from public (43.6%) to private sector (56.4%). Among employed graduates, proportion of those who underwent targeted training doubled (reaching 25.6%), while proportion of state-funded graduates decreased (by 43.8%). The public sector is predominantly staffed with general dentists, therapeutic dentists and pediatric dentists. In contrast, private sector has significantly higher representation of dental surgeons and orthopedists. Among residents admitted to state-funded and targeted positions, therapeutic and pediatric dentists dominate, whereas the commercial segment is predominantly chosen by future surgeons and orthopedists. The obtained data substantiate necessity of enhanced cooperation between universities, regional health authorities and employers in the context of new legislation on targeted education.
Problems of Social Hygiene, Public Health and History of Medicine. 2026;34(4):923-928
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