The article summarizes the activities of the famous neurosurgeon, oncologist, organizer of the surgical service A. S. Lurye and introduces into scientific circulation previously unknown documents of the «Molotov period» of the doctor's life. He graduated from the Voronezh Medical Institute and was accepted as a resident in the faculty surgical clinic of the First Moscow Medical Institute, headed by Professor N. N. Burdenko. Along with clinical work, he was actively involved in experiments in the field of fundamental medicine. In 1938, he was elected to the position of associate professor of the surgery department of the Molotov Medical Institute, where, along with medical and teaching activities, he continued research in the field of neurosurgery. His broad outlook was in demand as a consultant to hospitals in the Molotov region. With the beginning of the Great Patriotic War, he supervised surgical care for the civilian population. After returning to Moscow in 1943, A. S. Lurye headed the department of the peripheral nervous system at the Central Evacuation Hospital, on the basis of which he defended his doctoral dissertation «Surgical treatment of gunshot and blunt injuries of the brachial plexus in adults». Later, A. S. Lurye was one of the organizers of the system of oncosurgical care for the population of the Moscow region. As an innovative surgeon, he improved the Roux—Hertsen—Yudin operation and proposed a new surgical approach for esophageal tumors.

A. S. Lurye, surgery of the peripheral nervous system, surgery of the esophagus, Perm Medical Institute, Institute of Neurosurgery, brachial plexus, small intestinal esophagoplasty.