The article considers problems of development of health care system of Russia and brings out opportunities and directions of its reforming in terms of functioning efficiency. At that, special attention is paid to issues of long under-financing of the sector, applied financing models used and necessity of strengthening control of quality and safety of medical services rendering. The actual demographic problem and need in increasing level of “human capital” give medicine and health care special status, actualizing issue of efficiency. The most of the problems are identified and are working out in program and non-program activities by legislative and executive authorities as it follows from implementing national projects, state programs and Federal projects. In actual conditions of instability the key growing points in health care can be attributed to human resources, development of out-patient section, improvement of workplace ergonomics, standardization of work processes, automated patient flow management, development of day-time stay hospitals (domiciliary hospitals, nursing care, feldscher-obstetric stations), export of medical services, quantitative and qualitative development of medical trains (mobile medical teams). Since reformation process continues for decades, it is difficult to identify the very problems without addressing their solutions and marking opportunities. Therefore, the issue of problematic is to be considered comprehensively and in comparison with key indicators of program and non-program activities, as well as in comparison with global leaders.

health care, efficiency, under-financing, funding models, reformation, human capital, development index, provision of population with physicians, export of medical services.