SOME ASPECTS OF NON-MEDICAL USE OF NARCOTIC SUBSTANCES

Abstract


The article presents foreign data on the non-medical use of certain combinations of narcotic drugs, the range of their effects on the body of patients, as well as the development of state response measures and propaganda of the rejection of the use of narcotic drugs among populations at risk. It is noted that the use of narcotic drugs without medical indications is a global public health problem. In addition to the negative impact on health, the use of narcotic drugs aggravates existing mental illnesses, and on the other hand, the presence of mental pathology accelerates the formation of drug addiction.

About the authors

V. B. Zafirova

State Medical University, 355017, Stavropol, Russia

K. R. Amlaev

State Medical University, 355017, Stavropol, Russia

D. Kh.-D. Khubieva

State Medical University, 355017, Stavropol, Russia

O. O. Kravchenko

State Medical University, 355017, Stavropol, Russia

References

  1. Caraceni A., Hanks G., Kaasa S. еt al. Use of opioid analgesics in the treatment of cancer pain: evidence-based recommendations from the EAPC // Lancet Oncol. 2012. Vol. 13. P. e58–e68.
  2. Mazer-Amirshahi M., Mullins P.M, Rasooly I. еt al. Rising opioid prescribing in adult US emergency department visits: 2001–2010 // Acad. Emerg. Med. 2014. Vol. 21. P. 236–243.
  3. Fischer B. Prescription opioid use, harms and interventions in Canada: A review update of new developments and findings since 2010 // Pain Physician. 2015. Vol. 18. P. е605–е14.
  4. Hughes A., Williams M., Lipari R. et al. Prescription drug use and misuse in the United States: Results from the 2015 National Survey on Drug Use and Health. NSDUH Data Review. 2017.
  5. Saha T. D., Kerridge B. T., Goldstein R. B. et al. Nonmedical prescription opioid use and DSM-5 nonmedical prescription opioid use disorder in the United States // J. Clin. Psychiatry. 2016. Vol. 77. P. 772–780.
  6. Lalic S., Jokanovic N., Ilomäki J. et al. Harms associated with extramedical use of prescription opioid analgesics in Australia: a scoping review // Res. Social Adm. Pharm. 2019. Vol. 15. P. 925–935.
  7. WHO, UNODC, UNAIDS technical guide for countries to set targets for universal access to HIV prevention, treatment and care for injecting drug users: 2012 revision. Geneva; 2012.
  8. McDonald R., Strang J. Are take-home naloxone programmes effective? Systematic review utilizing application of the Bradford Hill criteria // Addiction. 2016. Vol. 111. P. 1177–1187.
  9. Magwood O., Salvalaggio G., Beder M. et al. The effectiveness of substance use interventions for homeless and vulnerably housed persons: a systematic review of systematic reviews on supervised consumption facilities, managed alcohol programs, and pharmacological agents for opioid use disorder // PloS One. 2020. Vol. 15. P. e0227298.
  10. Abdul-Quader A. S., Feelemyer J., Modi S. et al. Effectiveness of structurallevel needle/syringe programs to reduce HCV and HIV infection among people who inject drugs: a systematic review // AIDS Behav. 2013. Vol. 17. P. 2878–2892.
  11. Degenhardt L., Whiteford H. A., Ferrari A. J. et al. Vos Global burden of disease attributable to illicit drug use and dependence: findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010 // Lancet North Am. Ed. 2013. Vol. 382, N 9904. P. 1564–1574.
  12. Peacock A., Leung J., Larney S. et al. Global statistics on alcohol, tobacco and illicit drug use: 2017 status report // Addiction. 2018. Vol. 113, N 10. P. 1905–1926.
  13. Fischer B., Cruz M. S., Bastos F. I. et al. Crack across the Americas — a massive problem in continued search of viable answers: exemplary views from the North (Canada) and the South (Brazil) // Int. J. Drug Policy. 2013. Vol. 24, N 6. P. 631–633. doi: 10.1016/j.drugpo.2013.09.003
  14. Butler A. J., Rehm J., Fischer B. Health outcomes associated with crackcocaine use: Systematic review and meta-analyses // Drug Alcohol Depend. 2017. Vol. 180. P. 401–416. doi: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2017.08.036
  15. Kohut S. J. Interactions between nicotine and drugs of abuse: a review of preclinical findings // Am. J. Drug Alcohol Abuse. 2017. Vol. 43, N 2. P. 155–170. doi: 10.1080/00952990.2016.1209513
  16. Motta-Ochoa R., Bertrand K., Arruda N. et al. I love having benzos after my coke shot”: the use of psychotropic medication among cocaine users in downtown Montreal // Int. J. Drug Policy. 2017. Vol. 49. P. 15–23. doi: 10.1016/j.drugpo.2017.07.012
  17. Farrell M., Martin N. K., Stockings E. et al. Responding to global stimulant use: challenges and opportunities // Lancet North Am. Ed. 2019. Vol. 394, N 10209. P. 1652–1667. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(19)32230-5
  18. Fischer B., Kuganesan S., Gallassi A. et al. Wood addressing the stimulant treatment gap: a call to investigate the therapeutic benefits potential of cannabinoids for crack-cocaine use // Int. J. Drug Policy. 2015. Vol. 26, N 12. P. 1177–1182. doi: 10.1016/j.drugpo.2015.09.005
  19. Minozzi S., Saulle R., De Crescenzo F. et al. Psychosocial interventions for psychostimulant misuse // Cochrane Database Syst. Rev. 2016. Vol. 9, N 9. Article Cd011866. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD011866.pub2
  20. Crippa J. A., Guimarães F. S., Campos A. C. et al. Translational investigation of the therapeutic potential of cannabidiol (CBD): toward a new age // Front. Immunol. 2018. Vol. 9. P. 2009. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02009
  21. Hill K. P. Medical marijuana for treatment of chronic pain and other medical and psychiatric problems: a clinical review // JAMA. 2015. Vol. 313, N 24. P. 2474–2483. doi: 10.1001/jama.2015.6199
  22. NASEM The health effects of cannabis and cannabinoids: the current state of evidence and recommendations for research. Washington; 2017.
  23. Rodrigues L. A., Caroba M. E.S., Taba F. K. et al. Evaluation of the potential use of cannabidiol in the treatment of cocaine use disorder: a systematic review // Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav. 2020. Vol. 196. Article 172982. doi: 10.1016/j.pbb.2020.172982
  24. Penberthy J. K., Ait-Daoud N., Vaughan M. et al. Review of treatment for cocaine dependence // Curr. Drug Abuse Rev. 2010. Vol. 3, N 1. P. 49–62. doi: 10.2174/1874473711003010049
  25. Schierenberg A., van Amsterdam J., van den Brink W. et al. Efficacy of contingency management for cocaine dependence treatment: a review of the evidence // Curr. Drug Abuse Rev. 2012. Vol. 5, N 4. P. 320–331. doi: 10.2174/1874473711205040006
  26. Abrams D. I. The therapeutic effects of Cannabis and cannabinoids: an update from the national academies of sciences, engineering and medicine report // Eur. J. Internal Med. 2018. Vol. 49. P. 7–11. doi: 10.1016/j.ejim.2018.01.003
  27. Manzanares J., Cabañero D., Puente N. et al. Role of the endocannabinoid system in drug addiction // Biochem. Pharmacol. 2018. Vol. 157. P. 108–121. doi: 10.1016/j.bcp.2018.09.013
  28. Parsons L. H., Hurd Y. L. Endocannabinoid signaling in reward and addiction // Nat. Rev. Neurosci. 2015. Vol. 16, N 10. P. 579–594. doi: 10.1038/nrn4004
  29. Spanagel R. Cannabinoids and the endocannabinoid system in reward processing and addiction: from mechanisms to interventions // Dialog. Clin. Neurosci. 2020. Vol. 22, N 3. P. 241–250. doi: 10.31887/DCNS.2020.22.3/rspanagel
  30. Calpe-López C., García-Pardo M. P., Aguilar M. A. Cannabidiol treatment might promote resilience to cocaine and methamphetamine use disorders: a review of possible mechanisms // Molecules. 2019. Vol. 24, N 14. P. 2583. doi: 10.3390/molecules24142583
  31. Prud'homme M., Cata R., Jutras-Aswad D. Cannabidiol as an intervention for addictive behaviors: a systematic review of the evidence // Substance Abuse. 2015. Vol. 9. P. 33–38. doi: 10.4137/sart.S25081
  32. Connor J., Gullo M., Chan G. Feeney et al. Polysubstance use in cannabis users referred for treatment: drug use profiles, psychiatric comorbidity and cannabis-related beliefs // Front. Psychiatry. 2013. Vol. 4, N 79. P. 79. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2013.00079
  33. Connor J. P., Gullo M. J., White A. et al. Polysubstance use: diagnostic challenges, patterns of use and health // Curr. Opin. Psychiatry. 2014. Vol. 27, N 4. P. 269–275. doi: 10.1097/yco.0000000000000069
  34. GBD 2017 Disease and Injury Incidence and Prevalence Collaborators Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 354 diseases and injuries for 195 countries and territories, 19902017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017 // Lancet. 2018. Vol. 392, N 10159. P. 1789–1858.
  35. Degenhardt L., Whiteford H. A., Ferrari A. J., et al. Global burden of disease attributable to illicit drug use and dependence: findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010 // Lancet. 2013. Vol. 382, N 9904. P. 1564–1574.
  36. McGinty E. E., Choksy S., Wintemute G. J. The relationship between controlled substances and violence // Epidemiol Rev. 2016. Vol. 38, N 1. P. 5–31.
  37. Grann M., Fasel M. Substans misuse and violent crime: Swedish population study // BMJ. 2004. Vol. 328, N 7450. P. 1233–1234.
  38. Hoaken P. N., Stevart S. H. Drugs of abuse and the elicitation of human aggressive behavior // Addict Behav. 2003. Vol. 28, N 9. P. 1533–1554.
  39. Atkilson A., Anderson Z., Hughes K. et al. Interpersonal violence and illicit drugs. Liverpool; 2009.
  40. Farrell M., Martin N. K., Stockings E. et al. Responding to global stimulant use: challenges and opportunities // Lancet North Am. Ed. 2019. Vol. 394, N 10209. P. 1652–1667. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(19)32230-5
  41. Bennett T., Holloway K., Farrington D. The statistical association between drug misuse and crime: a meta-analysis // Aggress. Violent Behav. 2008. Vol. 13, N 2. P. 107–118.
  42. Boles S. M., Miotto K. Substance abuse and violence: a review of the literature // Aggress. Violent Behav. 2003. Vol. 8, N 2. P. 155–174.
  43. Fazel S., Smith E. N., Chang Z. et al. Risk factors for interpersonal violence: an umbrella review of meta-analyses // Br. J. Psychiatry. 2018. Vol. 213, N 4. P. 609–614.
  44. Harford T. C., Chen C. M., Kerridge B. T. et al. Self-and other-directed forms of violence and their relationship with lifetime DSM-5 psychiatric disorders: results from the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol Related Conditions–III (NESARC-III) // Psychiatry Res. 2018. Vol. 262. P. 384–392. doi: 10.1016/j.psychres.2017.09.012
  45. Pulay A. J., Dawson D. A., Hasin D. S. et al. Violent behavior and DSM-IV psychiatric disorders: results from the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions // J. Clin. Psychiatry. 2008. Vol. 69, N 1. P. 12–22.
  46. McLellan A. T., Lewis D. C., O'Brien C. P. et al. Drug dependence, a chronic medical illness: implications for treatment, insurance, and outcomes evaluation // JAMA. 2000. Vol. 284, N 13. P. 1689–1695.
  47. Koehn J. D., Bach P., Hayashi K. et al. Impact of incarceration on rates of methadone use in a community recruited cohort of injection drug users // Addict. Behav. 2015. Vol. 46. P. 1–4.
  48. de Andrade D., Richi J., Rowlands M. et al. Substance use and recidivism outcomes for prison-based drug and alcohol interventions // Epidemiol. Rev. 2018. Vol. 40, N 1. P. 121–133.
  49. Mitchell O., Wilson D. B., MacKenzi D. L. Does incracerationbased drug treatment reduce recidivism? A meta-analytic synthesis of the research // J. Exp. Criminol. 2007. Vol. 3, N 4. P. 353–375.
  50. Chang Z., Lichtenstein P., Langstrom N. et al. Association between prescription of major psychotropic medications and violent reoffending after prison release // JAMA. 2016. Vol. 316, N 17. P. 1798–1807.
  51. Grant B. F., Saha T. D., Ruan W. J., et al. Epidemiology of DSM-5 drug use disorder: results from the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions–III // JAMA. Psychiat. 2016. Vol. 73, N 1. P. 39–47.
  52. Kwako L. E., Koob G. F. Neuroclinical framework for the role of stress in addiction // Chronic Stress (Thousand Oaks). 2017. Vol. 1. P. 2470547017698140.
  53. Caraceni A., Hanks G., Kaasa S. et al. Use of opioid analgesics in the treatment of cancer pain: evidence-based recommendations from the EAPC // Lancet Oncol. 2012. Vol. 13. P. e58–e68.
  54. Cougle J. R., Summers B. J., Allan N. P. et al. Hostile interpretation training for individuals with alcohol use disorder and elevated trait anger: a controlled trial of a web-based intervention // Behav. Res. Ther. 2017. Vol. 99. P. 57–66.
  55. Lewis B., Garcia C. C., Bohan R. et al. Impact of polysubstance use on social and non-affective cognitive performance among treatment-seeking individuals with alcohol use disorders // Addict. Behav. 2020. Vol. 106. P. 106359.
  56. Peacock A., Leung J., Larney S. et al. Global statistics on alcohol, tobacco and illicit drug use: 2017 status report // Addiction. 2018. Vol. 113, N 10. P. 1905–1926.
  57. Cougle J. R., Summers B. J., Allan N. P. et al. Hostile interpretation training for individuals with alcohol use disorder and elevated trait anger: a controlled trial of a web-based intervention // Behav. Res. Ther. 2017. Vol. 99. P. 57–66.
  58. Liu Y., Van Den Wildenberg W. P., De Graaf Y. et al. Is (poly-)substance use associated with impaired inhibitory control? A mega-analysis controlling for confounders // Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev. 2019. Vol. 105. P. 288–304.
  59. Baharvand P., Malekshahi F. Relationship between anger and drug addiction potential as factors affecting the health of medical students // J. Educ. Health Promot. 2019. Vol. 8. P. 157.
  60. Degenhardt L., McKetin R. Responding to global stimulant use: challenges and opportunities // Lancet North Am. Ed. 2019. Vol. 394, N 10209. P. 1652–1667. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(19)32230-5
  61. Neale J., Kalk N. J., Parkin S. et al. Factors associated with withdrawal symptoms and anger among people resuscitated from an opioid overdose by take-home naloxone: exploratory mixed methods analysis // J. Subst. Abuse Treat. 2020. Vol. 117. P. 108099.
  62. Stohs M. E., Schneekloth T. D., Geske J. R. et al. Alcohol craving predicts relapse after residential addiction treatment // Alcohol Alcohol. 2019. Vol. 54. P. 167–172.
  63. Ruisoto P., Contador I. The role of stress in drug addiction. An integrative review // Physiol. Behav. 2019. Vol. 202. P. 62–68.
  64. Carreiro S., Chintha K. K., Shrestha S. et al. Wearable sensor-based detection of stress and craving in patients during treatment for substance use disorder: a mixed methods pilot study // Drug Alcohol Depend. 2020. Vol. 209. P. 107929.
  65. Aksu M. H., Sahiner S. Y., Sahiner I. V. et al. Relationship between somatization and psychiatric symptoms, especially anxiety, depression, alexithymia, and severity of addiction in male patients with alcohol and heroin addiction // Dusunen Adam. 2020. Vol. 33. P. 120–129.
  66. Pridmore S., Turnier-Shea Y., Erger S. et al. The impact of cluster maintenance TMS on irritability occurring in major depressive disorder // Australas Psychiatry. 2020. P. 1039856220943033.
  67. Suzuki S., Mell M. M., O’Malley S. S. et al. Regulation of craving and negative emotion in alcohol use disorder // Biol. Psychiatry Cogn. Neurosci. Neuroimaging. 2020. Vol. 5. P. 239–250.
  68. Lemieux A. M., Nakajima M., Saif-Ali R. et al. Anger, anxiety, and depressive affect as predictors of stress-induced cortisol production in khat and tobacco users // Addict. Behav. 2018. Vol. 82. P. 195–201.
  69. de Almeida R. M., Flores A. C., Scheffer M. Suicidal ideation, problem solving, expression of anger and impulsiveness in dependents on psychoactive substances // Psicol. Reflex Crit. 2013. Vol. 26. P. 1–9.
  70. Aharonovich E., Nguyen H. T., Nunes E. V. Anger and depressive states among treatment-seeking drug abusers: testing the psychopharmacological specificity hypothesis // Am. J. Addict. 2001. Vol. 10. P. 27–34.
  71. Scheffer M., Pasa G. G., de Almeida RM. et al. Responding to global stimulant use: challenges and opportunities // Lancet North Am. Ed. 2019. Vol. 394, N 10209. P. 1652–1667. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(19)32230-5
  72. Votaw V. R., Pearson M. R., Stein E. et al. The addictions neuroclinical assessment negative emotionality domain among treatment seekers with alcohol use disorder: construct validity and measurement invariance // Alcohol Clin. Exp. Res. 2020. Vol. 44. P. 679–688.
  73. Çorapçioğlu A., Erdoğan A. S. Cross-sectional study on expression of anger and factors associated with criminal recidivism in prisoners with prior offences // Forensic Sci. Int. 2004. Vol. 140. P. 167–174.
  74. Kirsch D., Nemeroff C. M., Lippard E. T. Early life stress and substance use disorders: underlying neurobiology and pathways to adverse outcomes // Advers Resil. Sci. 2020. Vol. 1. P. 29–47.
  75. Czermainski F. R., Ornell F., Guimarães L. S. et al. Assessment of executive functions and inhibitory control in alcohol and crack use disorders // Psico. 2018. Vol. 49. P. 21–30.
  76. Barrett E. L., Mills K. L., Teesson M. Mental health correlates of anger in the general population: findings from the 2007 National Survey of Mental Health and Wellbeing // Aust. N. Z. J. Psychiatry. 2013. Vol. 47. P. 470–476.

Statistics

Views

Abstract - 5

PDF (Russian) - 5

Cited-By


PlumX

Dimensions


Copyright (c) 1970 АО "Шико"

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

Mailing Address

Address: 105064, Vorontsovo Pole, 12, Moscow

Email: ttcheglova@gmail.com

Phone: +7 903 671-67-12

Principal Contact

Tatyana Sheglova
Head of the editorial office
FSSBI «N.A. Semashko National Research Institute of Public Health»

105064, Vorontsovo Pole st., 12, Moscow


Phone: +7 903 671-67-12
Email: redactor@journal-nriph.ru

This website uses cookies

You consent to our cookies if you continue to use our website.

About Cookies