The preservation of the population of the Russian Federation in light of the reduction of its natural reproduction in recent years becomes a priority strategic goal of national security. The public health as medical social resource of society includes such strategically important components as “labor”, “military”, “reproductive” and the reserve component that replenishes them (children and the elderly). The potential volume of the reproductive component of the medical and social resource of society is entire female and male human reserve, positioned within the limits of reproductive age (15–49 years). The actual volume of this component is smaller and consists of men and women of reproductive age, excluding persons who “unfit” to perform reproductive function because of medical and social reasons. Thus, out of reproductive resource are excluded women of reproductive age who underwent surgery of removing both ovaries and/or Fallopian tubes and/or uterus; having diseases related to medical indications for termination of pregnancy, men and women with diagnosis “infertility”, diseases that reduce possibility of occurrence of spontaneous pregnancy, having anatomical malformations of genitals that prevent the implementation of reproductive function and those who underwent medical sterilization. Both genders are to be considered for exclusion from reproductive resource because of so-called “social infertility”, including imprisonment, persistent refusal of reproduction with registered application of effective contraceptive measures. The search for factors that determine these losses of reproductive resources, as well as methodological and methodological approaches to their conservation, is the essential basis for preserving the reproductive potential of the country. The search for factors that determine the given losses of reproductive resource and methodological approaches to it preservation is the essential basis of preservation of the National reproductive potential.

public health, medical and social resource, reproductive resource, volume of reproductive resource, reproductive resource losses.