Проблемы социальной гигиены, здравоохранения и истории медициныПроблемы социальной гигиены, здравоохранения и истории медицины0869-866X2412-2106Joint-Stock Company Chicot91410.32687/0869-866X-2022-30-3-415-422Научная статьяThe abortion and contraceptive behavior: results of the all-Russian ResearchRostovskayaT. K.rostovskaya.tamara@mail.ruShabunovaA. A.-KnyazkovaE. A.-MehdiAfzali-1512202230341542218062022Copyright © 2022, АО "Шико"2022The problem of abortion is actual in all spheres of public life. Despite the fact that in Russia, according to the Ministry of Health, the number of abortions has decreased by 30% over the past five years, there is demand from society and public authorities to strengthen the national demographic security, to search for corresponding reserves and to strengthen positive dynamics of demographic indices on permanent long-term basis. The abortions significantly and negatively affect birth rate and woman health. To make proper managerial decisions in this area requires analyzing such complex social phenomenon as abortion behavior and its alternatives, including contraceptive behavior based on family planning technologies.The purpose of study is to analyze characteristics of abortive and contraceptive behavior and their relationship with matrimonial and reproductive behavior in Russia to strengthen national demographic security.The official public data of Rosstat, Minzdrav of Russia, etc. was used. Also the data of the All-Russian sociological study “Demographic well-being of Russia” was attracted. The methodology included questionnaire survey in late 2019 - early 2020 carried out in 10 Subjects of the Russian Federation: Moscow, Republic of Bashkortostan, Republic of Tatarstan, Vologda Oblast, Volgograd Oblast, Ivanovo Oblast, etc. The total sampling consisted of 5 616 respondents. The study implemented such scientific research methods as: analysis, synthesis, generalization, statistical analysis, sociological analysis.The state policy implementation related to the decrees of the President of the Russian Federation “On measures to implement the Demographic Policy of the Russian Federation” (2012): “On national goals and strategic objectives of the development of the Russian Federation for the period up to 2024” (2018, national project “Demography”), Government orders “On approval of the Concept of State family Policy in the Russian Federation for the period up to 2025” (2014), “On the basics of State youth policy of the Russian Federation for the period up to 2025” (2014), etc. On national level, it resulted in decreasing of the number of abortions and increasing attention of society and the public authorities to problems of the family. in Russia, since 2007, the absolute number of abortions has been declining, and from 2015 to the present, the absolute number of abortions has decreased below the millionth value. The leaders in positive rate of abortions decreasing are the North Caucasus, the Central and Southern Federal Okrugs. The higher rates of abortions remain In the Far Eastern, Siberian and Ural Federal Okrugs. It is established that abortion and reproductive behavior depends on aging of motherhood, low contraceptive culture at early start of sexual life and various social economic factors. A significant part of Russian population is characterized by low awareness of reproduction issues and contraceptives. The study revealed certain relationship between contraceptive and matrimonial and reproductive behavior. The hypothesis was confirmed for the Republics of Bashkortostan and Tatarstan. The additional research in this area is required to identify effective measures to fully implement demographic potential of the Russian family. Even though the official statistics of Russia indicate positive trends in population abortion behavior, abortions make up significant part of reproductive losses. For majority of Russians, abortion remains acceptable mean of regulating childbearing. Russia has the highest rate of abortions in the age ranges of 30-34 and 35-39 years.In Russia, improvement of medical and contraceptive literacy and formation of responsible health self-attitude will increase quality of life, implement population's demographic potential and improve demographic security.demographic behaviordemographic attitudereproductive behaviorabortion behaviorcontraceptive behavior1.1.Akyulov R. I. Reproductive behavior of young people in the conditions of transformation of the family institution. In: Proceedings of the All-Russian Scientific Conference “Management of social Changes in unstable conditions”. Moscow: Lomonosov Moscow State University; 2016. P. 516-24 (in Russian).2.2.Antonov A. I., Karpova V. M., Lyalikova S. V., Novoselova E. N., Sinelnikov A. B. The values of the family and child lifestyle (GRAY-2019), ed. Moscow: MAKS Press; 2020. 486 p. (in Russian).3.3.Arkhangelskii V. N. Forecasting of birth rate on the basis of indicators for real generations. In: Social Processes of modern Russia.International Scientific and Practical Conference. Nizhny Novgorod; 2020. P. 518-23 (in Russian).4.4.Arkhangelskii V. N., Kalachikova O. N. Maternal age at first birth: dynamics, regional differences, determination. Economic and Social Change: Facts, Trends, Forecast. 2020;13(5):200-17.5.5.Arkhangelskii V. N., Shulgin S. G., Zinkina Yu. V. Reproductive behavior of Russian women depending on their educational status. Bulletin of the Peoples ' Friendship University of Russia. Series: Sociology. 2020;20(3):546-59 (in Russian).6.6.Vishnevsky A. G. Demographic transition and the problem of demographic self-regulation. Answer to A. B. Sinelnikov. Sociological Journal. 2019;25(4):93-104 (in Russian).7.7.Frejka T., Gietel-Basten S., Abolina L. Zvidrins P., Abuladze L., Puur A., et al. Fertility and family policies in Central and Eastern Europe after 1990.Comparative population studies. 2016;41(1):3-56.8.8.Rybakovsky L. L. Productivity as the main indicator of the assessment of the state and trends of fertility. Sociological research. 2016;4(384):23-30 (in Russian).9.9.Rusanova N. E. Childless family in Russia: State policy and choice of spouses. Labor and social relations. 2009;(8):91-7 (in Russian).10.10.Rusanova N. E. Dynamics of reproductive health and prospects for increasing the birth rate in Russia. In: Proceedings of the International Scientific and Practical Conference “Health as a Resource: V. 2.0”. Under the general Ed. of Z. H. Saralieva. Nizhny Novgorod; 2019. P. 180-2 (in Russian).11.11.Sakevich V. I. The prohibition of abortion has little effect on its prevalence. Stork on the roof. Demographic Magazine. 2016;1(1):36-40 (in Russian).12.12.Arkhangelsky V. N., Zinkina Yu. V., Korotaev A. V., Shulgin S. G. Modern trends in the birth rate in Russia and the impact of state support measures. Sociological research. 2017;3(395):43-50 (in Russian).13.13.Vishnevsky A. G. On fertility, mortality, forecasts and migration. Journal of the New Economic Association. 2011;9(9):174-6 (in Russian).14.14.Zvereva N. V., Arkhangelsky V. N. The system of values of young people and the role of demographic policy in increasing the birth rate (based on the results of the All-Russian study of youth). Federalism. 2007;2(46):155-72 (in Russian).15.15.Zvereva N. V. Challenges and ways to solve the problems of fertility in Russia. In: Modeling of demographic development and socio-economic efficiency of the implementation of the demographic policy of Russia. Materials of the international scientific and practical conference. Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Institute of Socio-Political Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 2015. P. 282-8 (in Russian).16.16.Klimantova G. I. Social policy: family, demographics, child. Moscow: RHYTHM; 2016. 146 p. (in Russian).17.17.Kholostova E. I., Klimantova G. I. Encyclopedia of social practices that support families and children in the Russian Federation. Moscow: Dashkov and Co.; 2015 (in Russian).18.18.Rimashevskaya N. M. Three proposals for the improvement of demographic and family policy. Economic and social changes: facts, trends, forecast. 2013;6(30):127-32 (in Russian).19.19.Rybakovsky L. L. The concept of demographic policy of Russia: development experience and ways to improve. Sociological research. 2015;9(377):62-70 (in Russian).20.20.Prokhorenko N. F. Demographic potential: additional aspects. GORZDRAV: news, opinions, training. Herald of VOSE. 2019;5(2):22-47 (in Russian).21.21.Riazantsev S. V., Rostovskaya T. K., Sigareva E. P., Sivoplyasova S. Yu. Abortions and abortive behavior in the context of the search for reserves of demographic development in Russia. Human ecology. 2019;(7):17-23 (in Russian).22.22.Shabunova A. A., Kalachikova O. N. Reproductive health as a factor of population reproduction quality. Economic and social changes: facts, trends, forecast. 2009;3(7):73-81 (in Russian).23.23.Selected practice recommendations for contraceptive use. 2nd ed. World Health Organization; 2005.24.24.Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Department of Monitoring, Analysis and Strategic Development of Health Care, Federal State Budgetary Institution “Central Research Institute of Organization and Informatization of Health Care” of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation. The main indicators of maternal and child health, the activities of the child protection service. Moscow; 2020 (in Russian).25.25.Rusanova N. E. Family planning in Russia today: abortion or IVF? In. National demographic priorities: new approaches, trends. Ser. “Demography. Sociology. Economy”. Eds Riazantseva S. V., Rostovskaya T. C. Moscow; 2019. P. 312-315 (in Russian).26.26.Yakovleva E. Chief pediatrician of Russia called the “real” number of abortions in the Russian Federation. Available at: https://rg.ru/2015/06/04/abort-site.html (accessed 06.02.2021).27.27.Kalachikova O. N., Shabunova A. A. Reproductive health and behavioral factors of its formation (based on the materials of a sociological study in the Vologda Oblast). Problems of territory development. 2016;(1):115-29 (in Russian).28.28.Sakevich V. I., Denisov B. P. Reproductive health of the population and the problem of abortion in Russia: the latest trends. Sociological research. 2019;(11):140-51 (in Russian).29.29.Kalachikova O. N. The use of information methods of influence on the reproductive behavior of the population. In: Proceedings of the international scientific and practical conference “Socio-political prospects for the development of the state and society in the context of globalization”. Kharkiv; 2012. P. 80-4 (in Russian).30.30.Kalachikova O. N., Shabunova A. A. Analysis of lost economic benefits from reproductive losses. Bulletin of the Moscow University. Series 6: Economics. 2012;(5):86-97 (in Russian).