Problems of Social Hygiene, Public Health and History of MedicineProblems of Social Hygiene, Public Health and History of Medicine0869-866X2412-2106Joint-Stock Company Chicot66810.32687/0869-866X-2021-29-4-1011-1016Научная статьяThe diseases of Russia: the medical geographical studies of I. Ya. LerkheLisitsynaE. A.elena.lisitsyna@lrz.uni-muenchen.deThe Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich270920212941011101628092021Copyright © 2021,2021The article analyses the process of establishment of medical knowledge concerning territories of the Russian Empire in XVIII century on the basis of written heritage of the Prussian physician Johann Jacob Lerche (1708-1780). The analysis is focused on forms of actual medical geographical studies practiced by European doctors and Lerche himself, first of all on his meteorological observations. The Lerche's interpretations of local natural and social phenomena in construction of medical characteristics of particular corners of the Empire in manuscript about endemics in Russia and Persia are analyzed. The assumption is proposed that studies of Russia implemented by Lerche are constructed on the analogy of summarizing academic descriptions of naturalists of XVIII century. Thereby, the works of Prussian physician seems to be participated in process of development of language of systematization and ranking of diseases and endowed category of “disease” with function of inherent to region characteristic such as climate, flora and fauna.history of medicineRussian EmpireJohann Jacob Lerchemedical geographyendemic diseasesистория медициныРоссийская империяИоганн Якоб Лерхемедицинская географияэндемические болезни1.Alexander J. T. Bubonic Plague in Early Modern Russia: Public Health and Urban Disaster. Baltimore; New York: Johns Hopkins University Press; Oxford University Press; 2002.2.Renner A. Russische Autokratie und Europäische Medizin. Organisierter Wissenstransfer im 18. Jahrhundert. Stuttgart: Franz Steiner Verlag; 2008.3.Sambuk D. Wächter der Gesundheit: Staat und lokale Gesellschaften beim Aufbau des Medizinalwesens im Russischen Reich; 1762-1831. Köln: Böhlau; 2015.4.Descriptio plantarum quarundam partim minus cognitarum astrachanensium et Persiae provinciarum Caspio mari adiacentium iuxta methodum sexualem excellentissimi domini archiatri Caroli de Linne. Acta Physico-Medica Academiae Caesareae Leopoldino-Carolinae Naturae Curiosorum. 1773;(5):161-206.5.Extrait des observations météorologiques de Mr. le Dr. Lerch faites à Astracan pendant l’hyver de 1745. à 1746. et l’été suivant. In: Histoire de l’Académie Royale des Sciences et des Belles Lettres année MDCCXLVI. Berlin; 1748. P. 257-64.6.Johann Jacob Lerche, Rußisch-kaiserlichen Collegienraths, und Doctors der Arzeneywissenschaft, Lebens- und Reise-Geschichte, von ihm selbst beschrieben. Halle; 1791.7.Siebende Abhandlung. In unterschiedenen minerologischen Observationen bestehend; aus einem Schreiben des Rußischen Keyserl. Feld Medici Herrn D. Lerchens d.d. Astracan, den 2 Julii, 1735. Genommen. Ober-Sächsische Berg-Academie. 1746;(2):177-80.8.Barrett F. A. Finke’s 1792 Map of Human Diseases: The First World Disease Map? Soc. Sci. Med. 2000;50:915-21.9.Pratt M. L. Imperial Eyes: Travel Writing and Transculturation. New York: Routledge; 2008.10.Вишленкова Е. А. Медико-биологические объяснения социальных проблем России (вторая треть XIX века). В кн.: Гладышев А. В. (ред.). История и историческая память: Межвуз. сб. науч. тр. Саратов: Сарат. гос. ун-т; 2011. Вып. 4. C. 37-66.11.Гатина З. С. Врачебная экспертиза в системе управления Российской империи первой половины XIX века. СПб.; 2017.12.Гиппократ. Избранные книги. М.: Гос. изд-во биол. и мед. лит-ры; 1936.13.Harrison M. Medicine in an Age of Commerce and Empire: Britain and Its Tropical Colonies, 1660-1830. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 2010.14.Lind J. Treatise on the Scurvy. In three parts. Containing an Inquiry into the Nature, Causes, and Cure, of that Disease. London; 1772.15.Толковый словарь живого великорусского языка Владимира Даля. Т. 4: Р-Ѵ. СПб. - М.: Тип. М. О. Вольфа; 1882.16.Толстой Н. И. Язык и народная культура: очерки по славянской мифологии и этнолингвистике. М.: Индрик; 1995.