Problems of Social Hygiene, Public Health and History of MedicineProblems of Social Hygiene, Public Health and History of Medicine0869-866X2412-2106Joint-Stock Company Chicot54410.32687/0869-866X-2021-29-2-373-378Научная статьяThe international participation in organization of production of antibiotics in the USSR: “The penicillin project” of the United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration (1946-1947)SherstnevaE. V.lena_scherstneva@mail.ruN. A. Semashko National Research Institute of Public Health1512202129237337801062021Copyright © 2021,2021On the basis of declassified materials from the Russian State Archive of Economics and State Archive of the Russian Federation, for the first time, the history of the United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration (UNRRA) project for the supply of penicillin factories in the post-war years to two republics of the USSR - Ukraine and Belarus is considered. It is shown that the project initially had political significance, since the demonstration of humane intentions served to strengthen the political authority of the United States. However, despite the declaration, the Anglo-American leadership of UNRRA approached the implementation of the project formally and hardly planned its completion. This was expressed in non-compliance with requirements for completeness of equipment, violation of delivery deadlines, constant attempts to reduce and contain them, in non-supplying adequate technical documentation and specialists for setting up production. The delay in the delivery time of equipment resulted in its rapid moral obsolescence. The modernization of partially supplied factories was impeded by embargo on the export of advanced industrial equipment from the United States having strategic importance. The incompleteness of the project contributed to further split in international relations.United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation AdministrationUNRRApenicillinpenicillin factoriesUNRRA missionsАдминистрация помощи и восстановления Объединенных НацийЮНРРАпенициллинпенициллиновые заводы[Воложинский В. Миссия ООН - ЮНРРА в Беларуси. Режим доступа: https://minsk-old-new.com/life/war1941-1945/missiya-oon-yunrra-v-belarusi][Шахнович Т. Что стояло за гибелью американки Рут Уоллер, спасшей белорусских мальчишек в 1946 году? Режим доступа: https://www.kp.by/daily/27022.3/4083975/][Смерть Рут Уоллер по версии «Военной газеты». Режим доступа: https://salidarnasc.livejournal.com/53607.html][Fifty Facts about UNRRA. London; 1946.][The Story of UNRRA. Washington; 1948.][UNRRA. The History of the United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration. New York; 1950.][Lotysz S. ‘Lasting Memorial’ to the UNRRA? Implementation of the Penicillin Plant Programme in Poland, 1946-1949. J. Intern. Com. Hist. Technol. 2000;(2):70-91.][Чибиляев Х. Ш., Северцев В. А., Чибиляев Т. Х. История развития фармацевтического производства в России. М.: Российская академия естествознания; 2006][Данилова Е. А. История развития химико-фармацевтической промышленности. Иваново; 2013][Сизенцев А. И., Мисетов И. А., Каримов И. Ф. Антибиотики и химиотерапевтические препараты. Оренбург: Оренбургский государственный университет; 2012.][Conroy M. The Soviet Pharmaceutical Industry and Dispensing, 1945-1953’. Europe-Asia Studies. 2004;56(7):963-91.][Соколов В. В. ЮНРРА и Советский Союз. 1943-1948 годы (по новым архивным материалам). Новая и новейшая история. 2011;(6):24-33.][Шерстнева Е. В. Создание «советского пенициллина»: о чем молчали архивные документы. Ремедиум. 2019;(12):16-20. doi: 10.21518/1561-5936-2019-12-16-20][Шерстнева Е. В. Организация промышленного производства пенициллина в СССР. Проблемы социальной гигиены, здравоохранения и истории медицины. 2020;28(2):320-5. doi: 10.32687/0869-866X-2020-28-2-320-325][Penicillin for European Countries’. California West. Med. 1946;64(2):110.]