Problems of Social Hygiene, Public Health and History of MedicineProblems of Social Hygiene, Public Health and History of Medicine0869-866X2412-2106Joint-Stock Company Chicot40610.32687/0869-866X-2020-28-5-1027-1032Научная статьяThe organizational forms of the Soviet Mongol cooperation in the area of medicine and health care in 1920s-1930s. Part I. Formation of two approachesBashkuevV. Iu.vbashkuev@gmail.comRatmanovP. E.-The Federal State Budget Institution of Science “The Institute of Mongolian, Buddhist and Tibetan Studies of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences”The Federal State Budget Educational Institution of Higher Education “The Far Eastern State Medical University” of Minzdrav of Russia151220202851027103206042021Copyright © 2020,2020In 1920s - late 1980s, active cooperation between the USSR and Mongolia in the field of medicine and health care had been occurred. The Mongolian People's Republic was the first country to which the USSR exported its organization of health care system, using it as a means of geopolitical influence and instrument of the socialist transformation of traditional nomadic society. At the same time, assistance to Mongolia began when the USSR itself had not yet completed the organization of new health care system, including needed medical personnel and resources, receiving assistance from Germany and other European countries. The article discusses the reasons of the Soviet leadership's hasty decision to force assistance to the Mongolian People's Republic in the field of medicine and health care. Two approaches to its implementation are singled out and explained: the evolutionary one, when experienced Soviet doctors were selected and sent to the Mongolian Department of Health care, and the forced one - through organization of expeditions of the People's Commissariat of Health of the RSFSR, which simultaneously studied the medical and sanitary situation in the country and organized medical institutions where the assistance was needed the most.medicinepublic healthMongoliathe USSRGermanyP. N. Shastingeopolitical interestsmedical and sanitary expeditionsмедициназдравоохранениеМонголияСССРГерманияП. Н. Шастинврачебное сообществогеополитические интересымедико-санитарные экспедиции1.Башкуев В. Ю. Медико-санитарные экспедиции Наркомздрава РСФСР в Тувинской Народной Республике и становление тувинского здравоохранения (конец 1920-х - середина 1930-х гг.). Вестник Томского государственного университета. 2018;(426):52-63.2.Башкуев В. Ю. Медицина и советская политика «мягкой силы» в Центральной Азии (1930-1940-е гг.). Проблемы социально-экономического развития Сибири. 2015;(1):78-88.3.Ибрагимов М. А., Дэмбэрэл Б. Очерки по истории развития здравоохранения Монгольской Народной Республики. М.: Медицина; 1977.4.Кузьмин Ю. В. История Монголии и русско-монгольские отношения в работах Н. П. Шастиной (1898-1980). В кн.: Россия и Монголия: новый взгляд на историю (дипломатия, экономика, культура). Улан-Батор - Иркутск: Байкальский государственный университет; 2015. C. 267-76.5.Богданов Л. Павел Шастин, русский доктор. Восточно-Сибирская правда. 2001 17 июля. Режим доступа: http://www.vsp.ru/2001/07/17/pavel-shastin-russkij-doktor/6.Козлов П. К. Путешествие в Монголию. 1923-1926. Дневники, подготовленные к печати Е. В. Козловой. М.: Государственное издательство географической литературы; 1949.7.Weindling P. German overtures to Russia, 1919-1925: between racial expansion and national coexistence. In: Solomon S. G., ed. Doing Medicine Together: Germany and Russia Between the Wars. Toronto: University of Toronto Press; 2006. P. 35-60.8.Eckart W. U. Medizin und auswärtige Kulturpolitik der Republik von Weimar - Deutschland und die Sowjetunion 1920-1932. Medizin in Geschichte und Gesellschaft. 1993;(11):105-42.9.Solomon S. G. Introduction: Germany, Russia and medical cooperation between the wars. In: Solomon S. G., ed. Doing Medicine Together: Germany and Russia Between the Wars. Toronto: University of Toronto Press; 2006. P. 3-31.10.Кузьмин Ю. В., Суходолов А. П., Рачков М. П. Военное монголоведение России на рубеже XIX-XX веков. Известия Иркутской государственной экономической академии. 2016;26(3):367-73.