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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.1d1" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher">Problems of Social Hygiene, Public Health and History of Medicine</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title>Problems of Social Hygiene, Public Health and History of Medicine</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">0869-866X</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2412-2106</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Joint-Stock Company Chicot</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">381</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.32687/0869-866X-2020-28-5-867-876</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Научная статья</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Euthanasia as a worldwide dilemma of modern times</article-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name name-style="western"><surname>Moskvicheva</surname><given-names>L. I.</given-names></name><bio></bio><email>ludamed16@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name name-style="western"><surname>Agamov</surname><given-names>Z. Kh.</given-names></name><bio></bio><email>-</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff id="aff-1">The P. A. Hertsen Moscow Research Oncologic Institute, the Branch of The Federal State Budget Institution “The National Medical Research Center of Radiology” of Minzdrav of Russia</aff><aff id="aff-2">N. A. Semashko National Research Institute of Public Health</aff><pub-date date-type="epub" iso-8601-date="2020-12-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>12</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>28</volume><issue>5</issue><fpage>867</fpage><lpage>876</lpage><history><pub-date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2021-04-06"><day>06</day><month>04</month><year>2021</year></pub-date></history><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright © 2020,</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2020</copyright-year></permissions><abstract>Nowadays, the most important place in medicine is occupied by ethical and legal aspects of organization of medical care and the provision of qualitative medical services to citizens. The main mechanism of functioning of the patient-centric health care system is implementation of the rights of patients as described in our country within the framework of international legal acts, the Constitution of the Russian Federation, the Civil, the Civil Procedure and Criminal Codes of the Russian Federation, as well as the Legislation on the protection of health of citizen.Since the mid of twentieth century, in many countries was widely discussed possibility of ensuring one of the most controversial and non-obvious rights of patient - the right to death. In medical practice, the mechanisms implementing this right are the acts of euthanasia, the assisted suicide, the voluntary death (refusal of water and food), “murder out of sympathy”, terminal sedation and the phenomenon of “double effect” as well.The article presents review of scientific publications presented in national and international databases, highlighting prerequisites of implementation of euthanasia into practice and international experience of applying this mechanism of demise as well.</abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>euthanasia</kwd><kwd>assisted suicide</kwd><kwd>the Constitution of the Russian Federation</kwd><kwd>the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation</kwd><kwd>the Legislation on the protection of health of citizen</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>эвтаназия</kwd><kwd>ассистированный суицид</kwd><kwd>Конституция Российской Федерации</kwd><kwd>Уголовный кодекс Российской Федерации</kwd><kwd>законодательство об охране здоровья граждан</kwd><kwd>здравоохранение</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Попова С. 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