Problems of Social Hygiene, Public Health and History of MedicineProblems of Social Hygiene, Public Health and History of Medicine0869-866X2412-2106Joint-Stock Company Chicot28710.32687/0869-866X-2020-28-2-320-325Научная статьяThe organization of industrial production of penicillin in the USSRSherstnevaE. V.lena_scherstneva@mail.ruN. A. Semashko National Research Institute of Public Health1512202028232032506042021Copyright © 2020,2020The article on the basis of analysis of declassified materials of the State Archive of the Russian Federation covers the history of the organization of industrial production of penicillin in the USSR in second half of the 1940s. The analysis of the documents demonstrated that existed huge gap between health needs of the antibiotic and actual quantity of its production by the end of 1945. This raised the question of organizing its large-scale production. The Soviet Government tried to solve the problem in the least expensive way i.e. through using available industrial areas for the development of penicillin production, refusing to buy ready-made penicillin plants abroad, maximal application of resources of international organizations. The problem of mastering advanced technologies of antibiotic production, as well as development of national equipment for penicillin plants was mainly solved through efforts of intelligence service activities. Due to organizational, technological, foreign policy causes, the development of new penicillin plants was delayed for a long time. The amounts of penicillin production by existing enterprises did not cover the needs of health care in the antibiotic.penicillinantibioticpenicillin plantthe People's Commissariat of Health Care of the USSRthe Ministry of Health Care of the USSRthe Council of Ministers of the USSRthe Committee of State Controlпенициллинантибиотикпенициллиновые заводыНаркомздрав СССРМинздрав СССРСовет Министров СССРКомитет государственного контроля1.Шерстнева Е. В. Проблемы начального этапа массового выпуска пенициллина в СССР. Проблемы социальной гигиены, здравоохранения и истории медицины. 2020;28(1):152-7.2.Шерстнева Е. В. История создания «советского пенициллина»: вымысел и факты. Проблемы социальной гигиены, здравоохранения и истории медицины. 2019;27(4):507-12.3.Соколов В. В. ЮНРРА и Советский Союз. 1943-1948 годы (по новым архивным материалам). Новая и новейшая история. 2011;(6):32.