Problems of Social Hygiene, Public Health and History of MedicineProblems of Social Hygiene, Public Health and History of Medicine0869-866X2412-2106Joint-Stock Company Chicot276310.32687/0869-866X-2026-34-4-825-833Original ArticleTHE NEUROPROSTHETICS AND NEUROSTIMULATION: HISTORY OF DEVELOPMENT, KEY ACHIEVEMENTS AND PROSPECTS (THE REVIEW)AnnikovYu. G.ChekhonatskiyA. A.KomlevaN. E.ChekhonatskiyV. A.UrzaleevaI. A.AnnikovaO. V.MazilovS. I.The Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "The V. I. Razumovsky Saratov State Medical University" of Minzdrav of Russia, 410012, Saratov, RussiaThe Saratov Medical Scientific Center of Hygiene of the Federal Budgetary Institution of Science "The Federal Scientific Center for Medical and Preventive Health Risk Management Technologies" of the Rospotrebnadzor, 410022, Saratov, RussiaThe Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Additional Professional Education The Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education of Minzdrav of Russia, 125993, Moscow, Russia3108202634482583301092026Copyright © 2026,2026The purpose of the study is to systematize data from National and foreign publications on history of development, key achievements and prospects of application of neuroprosthetics and neurostimulation. The analysis was carried out concerning databases of PubMed, eLibrary, Cohrane Library, MEDLINE over 2000–2025 according keywords neuroprosthetics, neuroengineering, cognitive neuroprosthesis, brain-computer interface, neurostimulation. The review includes 68 full-text sources.neuroprostheticsneurostimulationcognitive neuroprosthesisbrain-computer interfaceneuroengineeringneuromodulationreviewнейропротезированиенейростимуляциякогнитивный нейропротезинтерфейс «мозг—компьютер»нейроинженериянейромодуляцияобзор1.Schnitzler A., Gross J. Normal and pathological oscillatory communication in the brain. Nat. Rev. Neurosci. 2005;6(4):285—96. doi: 10.1038/nrn16502.Uhlhaas P. J., Singer W. Neural Synchrony in Brain Disorders: Relevance for Cognitive Dysfunctions and Pathophysiology Neuron. 2006;52(1):155—68. doi: 10.1016/j.neuron.2006.09.0203.Nicolo P., Rizk S., Magnin C. Coherent neural oscillations predict future motor and language improvement after stroke. 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