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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.1d1" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher">Problems of Social Hygiene, Public Health and History of Medicine</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title>Problems of Social Hygiene, Public Health and History of Medicine</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">0869-866X</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2412-2106</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Joint-Stock Company Chicot</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">2455</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.32687/0869-866X-2025-33-6-1484-1489</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Научная статья</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>The conceptions of mechanism of effect of blood as universal medication in xix century</article-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name name-style="western"><surname>Sergeeva</surname><given-names>M. S.</given-names></name><email></email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name name-style="western"><surname>Krylov</surname><given-names>N. N.</given-names></name><email></email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name name-style="western"><surname>Pyatenko</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name><email></email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff id="aff-1">The Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education “The I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University” of Minzdrav of Russia (Sechenov University), 119991, Moscow, Russia</aff><aff id="aff-2">The American Canadian School of Medicine St John’s Parish of Commonwealth of Dominica, Picard-Portsmouth, 00109-8000, the Commonwealth of Dominica</aff><pub-date date-type="epub" iso-8601-date="2025-12-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>12</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>33</volume><issue>6</issue><fpage>1484</fpage><lpage>1489</lpage><history><pub-date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-12-19"><day>19</day><month>12</month><year>2025</year></pub-date></history><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright © 2025,</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year></permissions><abstract>The article is devoted to consideration of changes in conceptions about physiological mechanism of effect of donor blood as medication in the XIX century. The relationship between changes of physiological knowledge about properties and functions of blood and modification of whole and defibrinated blood preparations applied for transfusion is demonstrated. The temporary transition from using blood to salt blood substitutes at the end of the XIX century is justified. The studies of liquid tissue — blood — in the XIX century became scientific base for fundamental discoveries in the early XX century. The relationship between evolution of conceptions about mechanism of action, modes of preparation and methods of administration of donor blood throughout the XIX century was established.</abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>history of medicine</kwd><kwd>blood transfusion</kwd><kwd>mechanism of action</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>история медицины</kwd><kwd>переливание крови</kwd><kwd>механизм действия</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Lindeboom G. A. The story of a blood transfusion to a Pope. J. Hist. Med. Allied Sci. 1954 Oct;9(4):455—9. doi: 10.1093/jhmas/ix.4.455</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation>Gottlieb A. M. History of the first blood transfusion but a fable agreed upon: the transfusion of blood to a pope. Transf. Med. Rev. 1991;3:228—35.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B3"><label>3.</label><mixed-citation>Villari Р. 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