<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE root>
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.1d1" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher">Problems of Social Hygiene, Public Health and History of Medicine</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title>Problems of Social Hygiene, Public Health and History of Medicine</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">0869-866X</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2412-2106</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Joint-Stock Company Chicot</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">2373</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.32687/0869-866X-2025-33-5-1173-1180</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Научная статья</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>THE FACTORS AND BARRIERS AFFECTING HEALTH OF MIGRANTS AND MODES OF ITS AMELIORATION</article-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name name-style="western"><surname>Amlaev</surname><given-names>K. R.</given-names></name><email></email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name name-style="western"><surname>Dakhkilgova</surname><given-names>H. T.</given-names></name><email></email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name name-style="western"><surname>Khayitov</surname><given-names>A. H. ugli</given-names></name><email></email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name name-style="western"><surname>Azimova</surname><given-names>D. A. kyzi</given-names></name><email></email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff id="aff-1">Bukhara State medical institute named after Abu Ali Ibn Sino of the Minzdrav of Uzbekistan</aff><aff id="aff-2">The Federal State Budget Educational Institution of Higher Education “The Stavropol State Medical University” of the Minzdrav of Russia, 355017, Stavropol, Russia</aff><pub-date date-type="epub" iso-8601-date="2025-11-08" publication-format="electronic"><day>08</day><month>11</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>33</volume><issue>5</issue><fpage>1173</fpage><lpage>1180</lpage><history><pub-date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-11-12"><day>12</day><month>11</month><year>2025</year></pub-date></history><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright © 2025,</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year></permissions><abstract>The article considers international experience in studying health of migrants. The most common diseases in migrant community are described. The factors determining their prevalence are established. The barriers restricting medical care provision to displaced persons, including social economic, cultural, and communicative ones, are described. The ways to improve organization of medical care of migrants are proposed. The proposed measures will help to develop benevolent environment for migrants and will contribute to their successful integration into new country of residence.</abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>migrant</kwd><kwd>, refugee</kwd><kwd>health, organization of assistance to migrants</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>мигранты</kwd><kwd>беженцы</kwd><kwd>здоровье мигрантов</kwd><kwd>организация помощи мигрантам</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Bouaddi O., Zbiri S., Belrhiti Z. Interventions to improve migrants&amp;apos; access to sexual and reproductive health services: a scoping review. BMJ Glob. Health. 2023;8(6):e011981. doi: 10.1136/bmjgh-2023-011981</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation>Bakunina N., Gil A., Polushkin V. Health of refugees and migrants from former Soviet Union countries in the Russian Federation: a narrative review. Int. J. Equity Health. 2020;19:180. doi: 10.1186/s12939-020-01279-0</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B3"><label>3.</label><mixed-citation>El Arab R. A., Somerville J., Abuadas F. H., Rubinat-Arnaldo E., Sagbakken M. Health and well-being of refugees, asylum seekers, undocumented migrants, and internally displaced persons under COVID-19: a scoping review. Front. Public Health. 2023;11:1145002. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1145002</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B4"><label>4.</label><mixed-citation>el Arab R. A., Urbanavice R., Jakavonyte-Akstiniene A., Skvarcevskaja M., Austys D., Mateos J. T., et al. Health and social needs of asylum seekers and Ukrainian refugees in Lithuania: a mixed-method protocol. Front. Public Health. 2023;10:5119. doi: 10.3389/FPU­BH.2022.1025446</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B5"><label>5.</label><mixed-citation>Lebano A., Hamed S., Bradby H., Gil-Salmerón A., Durá-Ferran­dis E., Garcés-Ferrer J., et al. Migrants’ and refugees’ health status and healthcare in Europe: a scoping literature review. BMC Public Health. 2020;20:20. doi: 10.1186/S12889-020-08749-8</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B6"><label>6.</label><mixed-citation>Roura M., Dias S., LeMaster J. W., MacFarlane A. Participatory health research with migrants: Opportunities, challenges, and way forwards. Health Expect. 2021;24(2):188—97. doi: 10.1111/hex.13201</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B7"><label>7.</label><mixed-citation>WHO, Strategy and action plan for refugee and migrant health in the WHO European. 2016.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B8"><label>8.</label><mixed-citation>Huang L., Said R., Goh H. C., Cao Y. The Residential Environment and Health and Well-Being of Chinese Migrant Populations: A Systematic Review. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health. 2023;20(4):2968. doi: 10.3390/ijerph20042968</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B9"><label>9.</label><mixed-citation>Kocot E., Szetela A. Assessing health systems’ preparedness for providing care for refugees, asylum seekers and migrants: a scoping review. Eur. J. Public Health. 2020;30. doi: 10.1093/eurpub/ckaa135</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B10"><label>10.</label><mixed-citation>Burns R., Zhang C. X., Patel P., Eley I., Campos-Matos I. Aldridge R. W. Migration health research in the United Kingdom: A scoping review. J. Migr. Health. 2021;4:100061. doi: 10.1016/j.jmh.2021.100061</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B11"><label>11.</label><mixed-citation>ВОЗ. Информационный бюллетень. Декабрь 2018. Эл. журнал «Социальные аспекты здоровья населения». 2018. 10 с. Режим доступа: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/voz-informatsionnyy-byulleten-dekabr-2018-zdorovie-migrantov/viewer</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B12"><label>12.</label><mixed-citation>Sen P., Arugnanaseelan J., Connell E., Katona C., Khan A. A., Moran P. Mental health morbidity among people subject to immigration detention in the UK: a feasibility study. Epidemiol. Psychiatr. Sci. 2018;27:628—37.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B13"><label>13.</label><mixed-citation>Solyman M., Schmidt-Westhausen A.-M. Oral health status among newly arrived refugees in Germany: a cross-sectional study. BMC Oral Health. 2018;18:1—9.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B14"><label>14.</label><mixed-citation>Osei T. B., Mank I., Sorgho R., et al. Aetiological research on the health of migrants living in Germany: a systematic literature review. BMJ Open. 2022;12(6):e058712. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-058712</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B15"><label>15.</label><mixed-citation>Breckenkamp J., Läcke E. M., Henrich W., et al. Advanced cervical dilatation as a predictor for low emergency cesarean delivery: a comparison between migrant and non-migrant Primiparae — secondary analysis in Berlin, Germany. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2019;19:1—8. doi: 10.1186/s12884-018-2145-y</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B16"><label>16.</label><mixed-citation>Hampe C. S., Sahabandu D., Kaiser V., et al. Geographic location determines beta-cell autoimmunity among adult Ghanaians: findings from the RODAM study. Immun. Inflamm. Dis 2020;8:299—309. doi: 10.1002/iid3.306</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B17"><label>17.</label><mixed-citation>Walther L., Kröger H., Tibubos A. N., et al. Psychological distress among refugees in Germany: a cross-sectional analysis of individual and contextual risk factors and potential consequences for integration using a nationally representative survey. BMJ Open. 2020;10:e033658. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-033658</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B18"><label>18.</label><mixed-citation>Morawa E., Brand T., Dragano N., et al. Associations between Acculturation, depressive symptoms, and life satisfaction among migrants of Turkish origin in Germany: gender- and Generation-Related aspects. Front Psychiatry. 2020;11:715. doi: 10.3389/fp­syt.2020.00715</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B19"><label>19.</label><mixed-citation>Migration and Integration — Press release: German Federal Statistical Office (DESTATIS) 2020. Режим доступа: https://www.desta­tis.de/EN/Themes/Society-Environment/Population/Migration-In­tegration/_node.html</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B20"><label>20.</label><mixed-citation>Villarroel N., Hannigan A., Severoni S. Migrant health research in the Republic of Ireland: a scoping review. BMC Public Health 2019;19:1—10.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B21"><label>21.</label><mixed-citation>Agyemang C. Comfy zone hypotheses in migrant health research: time for a paradigm shift. Public Health. 2019;172:108—15. doi: 10.1016/j.puhe.2019.03.025</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B22"><label>22.</label><mixed-citation>Grochtdreis T., König H.-H., Riedel-Heller S. G. Health-Related quality of life of asylum seekers and refugees in Germany: a cross-sectional study with data from the German socio-economic panel. Appl. Res. Quality Life. 2020;17(1):1—19.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B23"><label>23.</label><mixed-citation>Bodenwinkler A., Kerschbaum J., Sax G. Länder-Zahnstatuserhe­bung 2012 Zwölfjährige in Österreich Zwölfjährige Kinder mit und ohne Migrationshintergrund. Режим доступа: http://www.haupt­verband.at/cdscontent/load?contentid=10008.597921</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B24"><label>24.</label><mixed-citation>Kaoutar B., Gatin B., de Champs-Leger H., Vasseur V., Aparicio C., de Gennes C, et al. Socio-demographic characteristics and health status of patients at a free-of-charge outpatient clinic in Paris. Rev. Med. Interne. 2014;35(11):709—14.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B25"><label>25.</label><mixed-citation>WHO Europe, Report on the health of refugees and migrants in the WHO European Region. No public health without refugee and migrant health. 2018.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B26"><label>26.</label><mixed-citation>Teunissen E., Gravenhorst K., Dowrick C., et al. Implementing guidelines and training initiatives to improve cross‐cultural communication in primary care consultations: a qualitative participatory European study. Int. J. Equity Health. 2017;16(1):32.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B27"><label>27.</label><mixed-citation>Liddell B. J., O’Donnell M., Bryant R. A., Murphy S., Byrow Y., Mau V., et al. The association between COVID-19 related stressors and mental health in refugees living in Australia. Eur. J. Psychotrau­matol. 2021;12:12. doi: 10.1080/20008198.2021.1947564</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B28"><label>28.</label><mixed-citation>Salibi N., Abdulrahim S., el Haddad M., Bassil S., el Khoury Z., Ghattas H., et al. COVID-19 vaccine acceptance in older Syrian refugees: preliminary findings from an ongoing study. Prev. Med. Rep. 2021;24:101606. doi: 10.1016/J.PMEDR.2021.101606</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B29"><label>29.</label><mixed-citation>Mangrio E., Zdravkovic S., Strange M. Working with refugees’ health during COVID-19 — the experience of health-and social Care Workers in Sweden. Front. Public Health. 2022;10:1474. doi: 10.3389/FPUBH.2022.811974/BIBTEX</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B30"><label>30.</label><mixed-citation>Yoosefi Lebni J., Enayat H., Irandoost S. F., Dehghan A. A. Exploring the challenges of afghan refugee women facing COVID-19: a qualitative study in Iran. Front. Public Health. 2022;10:546. doi: 10.3389/FPUBH.2022.838965/BIBTEX</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B31"><label>31.</label><mixed-citation>Weller S. J., Crosby L. J., Turnbull E. R., Burns R., Miller A., Jones L. The negative health effects of hostile environment policies on migrants: a cross-sectional service evaluation of humanitarian healthcare provision in the UK. Wellcome Open Res. 2019;4:109.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B32"><label>32.</label><mixed-citation>Ozer P., Dembele A., Yameogo S. S., Hut E., de Longueville F. The impact of COVID-19 on the living and survival conditions of internally displaced persons in Burkina Faso. World Dev. Perspect. 2022;25:100393. doi: 10.1016/J.WDP.2022.100393</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B33"><label>33.</label><mixed-citation>Salibi N., Abdulrahim S., Haddad M., Zeid B. A., Alawieh M. F., Ramadan Z., et al. Predicting intention to vaccinate against COVID-19 in older Syrian refugees in Lebanon: findings from a multi-wave study. MedRxiv. 2022. doi: 10.1101/2022.07.23.22277948</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B34"><label>34.</label><mixed-citation>Ganahl K., Dahlvik J., Röthlin F., Alpagu F., Sikic-Fleischhacker A., Peer S., Pelikan J. Gesundheitskompetenz bei Personen mit Migrationshintergrund aus der Türkei und Ex-Jugoslawien in Österreich. Ergebnisse einer quantitativen und qualitativen Studie. 2016. LBIHPR Forschungsbericht.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B35"><label>35.</label><mixed-citation>Wangdahl J., Lytsy P., Martensson L., Westerling R. Health literacy among refugees in Sweden — a cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health. 2014;14(1):1030.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B36"><label>36.</label><mixed-citation>Kouta C., Phellas C., Charis K. Knowledge, attitudes and perceptions of immigrants from third countries in Cyprus, on HIV/AIDS and sexual and reproductive health. The implication of nursing ethics to healthcare. Health Sci. J. 2013;7(3):258—68.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B37"><label>37.</label><mixed-citation>Koponen P., Kuusio H., Keskimäki I., Mölsä M., Manderbacka K., Castaneda A., et al. Unmet needs for medical care among migrants in Finland Päivikki Koponen. Eur. J. Pub. Health. 2014;24(suppl_2).</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B38"><label>38.</label><mixed-citation>Peñuela-O’Brien E., Wan M. W., Berry K., Edge D. Central and Eastern European migrants’ experiences of mental health services in the UK: A qualitative study post-Brexit. Patient Educ. Couns. 2023;107:107562. doi: 10.1016/j.pec.2022.11.004</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B39"><label>39.</label><mixed-citation>Simkhada B., Vahdaninia M., van Teijlingen E., Blunt H. Cultural issues on accessing mental health services in Nepali and Iranian migrants communities in the UK. Int. J. Ment. Health Nurs. 2021;30:1610—9. doi: 10.1111/inm.12913</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B40"><label>40.</label><mixed-citation>Kotera Y., Adam H., Kirkman A., et al. Positive Mental Health of Migrants in the UK during COVID-19: A Review. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health. 2023;20(22):7046. doi: 10.3390/ijerph20227046</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B41"><label>41.</label><mixed-citation>O’Campo P., Stergiopoulos V., Nir P., Levy M., Misir V., Chum A., Arbach B., Nisenbaum R., To M. J., Hwang S. W. How did a Housing First intervention improve health and social outcomes among homeless adults with mental illness in Toronto? Two-year outcomes from a randomised trial. BMJ Open. 2016;6:e010581. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2015-010581</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B42"><label>42.</label><mixed-citation>Crawford G., Connor E., McCausland K., Reeves K., Blackford K. Public Health Interventions to Address Housing and Mental Health amongst Migrants from Culturally and Linguistically Diverse Backgrounds Living in High-Income Countries: A Scoping Review. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health. 2022;19(24):16946. doi: 10.3390/ijerph192416946</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B43"><label>43.</label><mixed-citation>Mejia-Lancheros C., Lachaud J., O’Campo P., Wiens K., Nisen­baum R., Wang R., Hwang S. W., Stergiopoulos V. Trajectories and mental health-related predictors of perceived discrimination and stigma among homeless adults with mental illness. PLoS One. 2020;15:e0229385. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0229385</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B44"><label>44.</label><mixed-citation>Abdullahi S. A., Smelyanskaya M., John S., et al. Providing TB and HIV outreach services to internally displaced populations in northeast Nigeria: results of a controlled intervention study. PLoS Med. 2020;17:e1003218. doi: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1003218</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B45"><label>45.</label><mixed-citation>Radu I., Scheermesser M., Spiess M. R., Schulze C., Händler-Schus­ter D., Pehlke-Milde J. Digital Health for Migrants, Ethnic and Cultural Minorities and the Role of Participatory Development: A Scoping Review. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health. 2023;20(20):6962. doi: 10.3390/ijerph20206962</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B46"><label>46.</label><mixed-citation>Mandroiu A., Pavlova M., Groot W. Sexual and reproductive health rights and service use among Undocumented migrants in the EU: a systematic literature review. 2023. Режим доступа: https://europep­mc.org/article/ppr/ppr628649</mixed-citation></ref></ref-list></back></article>
