Проблемы социальной гигиены, здравоохранения и истории медициныПроблемы социальной гигиены, здравоохранения и истории медицины0869-866X2412-2106Joint-Stock Company Chicot233910.32687/0869-866X-2025-33-s2-1081-1086Научная статьяПрофилактика факторов риска хронических неинфекционных заболеваний, эффективные практики, политики и подходы в системе первичной медико-санитарной помощиКураеваВ. М.ОйноткиноваО. Ш.ТимошевскийА. А.ГБУ города Москвы Научно-исследовательский институт организации здравоохранения и медицинского менеджмента Департамента здравоохранения города Москвы, 115088, Москва, Россия24102025331081108627102025Copyright © 1970, АО "Шико"1970Актуальность данного исследования обусловлена тем, что профилактика поведенческих факторов риска в системе первичной медико-санитарной помощи (ПМСП) является эффективной мерой, позволяющей снизить не только заболеваемость, но и нагрузку на системы здравоохранения. Однако внедрение эффективных практик, политик и подходов остается неравномерным, что требует изучения лучших стратегий, барьеров и возможностей для оптимизации профилактической работы на уровне ПМСП. Был проведен поиск в базах данных PubMed, Scopus, WHO IRIS за 2019—2025 гг. выявил 48 релевантный источник с открытым доступом. На основе PRISMA проведена оценка качества исследований, получена информация о современных мероприятиях, реализуемых в системе ПМСП. Полученные результаты подчеркивают эффективность интегрированных моделей ПМСП, таких как мультидисциплинарные команды и сетевое взаимодействие, в снижении модифицированных факторов риска. Среди ключевых успешных подходов выделены использование цифровых технологий, стратификация риска, интеграция с местными сообществами и финансирование на основе достигаемых результатов. Основные барьеры включают фрагментацию систем здравоохранения, ограниченные ресурсы и низкий охват уязвимых групп. Обзор подтверждает необходимость адаптации эффективных стратегий к национальным и региональным условиям для оптимизации профилактики хронических неинфекционных заболеваний.primary health caredisease preventionnoncommunicable diseasesmodifiable risk factorstobacco usesedentary behaviorunhealthy dietalcohol drinkingпервичная медико-санитарная помощьпрофилактикахронические неинфекционные заболеваниямодифицируемые факторы рискаупотребление табаканизкая физическая активностьнерациональное питаниеупотребление алкоголя[Li J., Pandian V., Davidson P. M. et al. Burden and attributable risk factors of non-communicable diseases and subtypes in 204 countries and territories, 1990—2021: a systematic analysis for the global burden of disease study 2021 // Int. J. Surg. 2025. Vol. 111, N 3. P. 2385—2397. DOI: 10.1097/js9.0000000000002260][Singh Thakur J., Nangia R., Singh S. 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