Problems of Social Hygiene, Public Health and History of MedicineProblems of Social Hygiene, Public Health and History of Medicine0869-866X2412-2106Joint-Stock Company Chicot233910.32687/0869-866X-2025-33-s2-1081-1086Научная статьяPrevention of risk factors for chronic noncommunicable diseases, effective practices, policies and approaches in the primary health care systemKuraevaV. M.OynotkinovaO. Sh.TimoshevskyA. A.Research Institute for Healthcare Organization and Medical Management, 115088, Moscow, Russia24102025331081108627102025Copyright © 1970,1970The relevance of this study stems from the fact that the prevention of behavioral risk factors in primary health care (PHC) is an effective measure that can reduce not only morbidity but also the burden on healthcare systems. However, the implementation of effective practices, policies, and approaches remains uneven, necessitating an examination of the best strategies, barriers, and opportunities to optimize preventive care at the PHC level. A search in the PubMed, Scopus, and WHO IRIS databases for the period 2019—2025 identified 48 relevant open-access sources. Using PRISMA guidelines, the quality of the studies was assessed, and data on current interventions implemented within PHC systems were obtained. The findings highlight the effectiveness of integrated PHC models, such as multidisciplinary teams and network-based collaboration, in reducing modifiable risk factors. Among the key successful approaches are the use of digital technologies, risk stratification, integration with local communities, and outcome-based financing. The main barriers include fragmented healthcare systems, limited resources, and low coverage of vulnerable groups. The review confirms the need to adapt effective strategies to national and regional contexts to optimize the prevention of chronic noncommunicable diseases.primary health caredisease preventionnoncommunicable diseasesmodifiable risk factorstobacco usesedentary behaviorunhealthy dietalcohol drinkingпервичная медико-санитарная помощьпрофилактикахронические неинфекционные заболеваниямодифицируемые факторы рискаупотребление табаканизкая физическая активностьнерациональное питаниеупотребление алкоголяLi J., Pandian V., Davidson P. M. et al. Burden and attributable risk factors of non-communicable diseases and subtypes in 204 countries and territories, 1990—2021: a systematic analysis for the global burden of disease study 2021 // Int. J. Surg. 2025. Vol. 111, N 3. P. 2385—2397. DOI: 10.1097/js9.0000000000002260Singh Thakur J., Nangia R., Singh S. Progress and challenges in achieving noncommunicable diseases targets for the sustainable development goals // FASEB Bioadv. 2021. Vol. 3, N 8. 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