Problems of Social Hygiene, Public Health and History of MedicineProblems of Social Hygiene, Public Health and History of Medicine0869-866X2412-2106Joint-Stock Company Chicot21110.32687/0869-866X-2019-27-6-997-1002Научная статьяThe trans-dermal therapeutic systems as a convenient alternative of traditional medicinal formsGildeevaG. N.gilgeln@gmail.comEjovaE. A.-ZakaliukinaE. V.-IvanovaA. A.-The Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education “The I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University” of Minzdrav of RussiaThe Federal State Unitary Institution “The Moscow Endocrine Plant”15122019276997100206042021Copyright © 2019,2019The development of new medications increasing bio-availability and efficacy of existing pharmaceuticals is considered as an alternative to implementation of new medications that can significantly reduce time-frame and costs of bringing medication to the market, acquired in recent decades high practical and scientific importance.The new effective medications include trans-dermal therapeutic systems (TTS) that are capable of providing a controlled release of the active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) through the skin into the bloodstream at a therapeutically optimal rate for a long time. The application of TTS is painless and convenient. It eliminates losses associated with metabolism in the gastrointestinal tract and liver and allows wide variation of dosage and to discontinue treatment at any moment.The key problem of trans-dermal delivery is difficulty in penetrating API through the skin, which has complex multilayer structure. The understanding of all aspects affecting permeability of API through the skin is crucial for the development of new TTS and is a subject of special research interest in modern pharmacological science.TTStrans-dermal permeabilityreviewтрансдермальные терапевтические системытрансдермальная проницаемостьобзор1.Hupfeld S., Gravem H. Transdermal therapeutic systems for drug administration. Tidsskr. Nor. Laegeforen. 2009;129(6):532-3.2.Farlow M. R., Somogyi M. Transdermal patches for the treatment of neurologic conditions in elderly patients: a review. Prim. Care Companion CNS Disord. 2011;13(6).3.Lademann J., Otberg N., Richter H. Follicular penetration. An important pathway for topically applied substances. Hautarzt. 2003;54:321.4.Bos J. D., Meinardi M. M. The 500 Dalton rule for the skin penetration of chemical compounds and drugs. Exp. Dermatol. 2000;9(3):165-9.5.Magnusson B. M., Anissimov Y. G., Cross S. E., Roberts M. S. Molecular size as the main determinant of solute maximum flux across the skin. J. Invest. Dermatol. 2004;122(4):993-9.6.Yano T., Nakagawa A., Tsuji M., Noda K. Skin permeability of various non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in man. Life Sci. 1986;39(12):1043-50.7.Dermatological formulations: Percutaneous absorption. By Brian W. Barry. New York; 1983.8.Williams A. C., Barry B. W. Penetration enhancers. Adv. Drug. Deliv. Rev. 2004;56(5):603-18.9.Kligman A. M. Topical pharmacology and toxicology of dimethyl sulfoxide. JAMA. 1965;193:796-804.10.Leira H. L., Tiltnes A., Svendsen K., Vetlesen L. Irritant cutaneous reactions to N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP). Contact Dermatitis. 1992;27(3):148-50.11.Kalbitz J., Neubert R., Wohlrab W. Modulation of drug penetration in the skin. Pharmazie. 1996;51(9):619-37.12.Osborne D. W., Musakhanian J. Skin Penetration and Permeation Properties of Transcutol®-Neat or Diluted Mixtures. AAPS PharmSciTech. 2018;19(8):3512-33.13.Ooi Wong. Unsaturated Cyclic Ureas as New Nontoxic Biodegradable Transdermal Penetration Enhancers I: Synthesis. J. Pharm. Sci. 1988;77(11):967-71.14.Subedi R. K., Oh S. Y., Chun M. K., Choi H. K. Recent advances in transdermal drug delivery. Arch. Pharm. Res. 2010;33(3):339-51.15.Sugino M., Todo H., Sugibayashi K. Skin permeation and transdermal delivery systems of drugs: history to overcome barrier function in the stratum corneum. Yakugaku Zasshi. 2009;129(12):1453-8.16.Parhi R., Suresh P., Patnaik S. Physical means of stratum corneum barrier manipulation to enhance transdermal drug delivery. Curr. Drug. Deliv. 2015;12(2):122-38.17.Paudel K. S., Milewski M., Swadley C. L. Challenges and opportunities in dermal/transdermal delivery. Ther. Deliv. 2010;1(1):109-31.