Проблемы социальной гигиены, здравоохранения и истории медициныПроблемы социальной гигиены, здравоохранения и истории медицины0869-866X2412-2106Joint-Stock Company Chicot177010.32687/0869-866X-2024-32-s1-681-686Научная статьяВЛИЯНИЕ УПОТРЕБЛЕНИЯ АЛКОГОЛЯ И ДРУГИХ ПСИХОАКТИВНЫХ ВЕЩЕСТВ В ПЕРИОД ПАНДЕМИИ COVID19: ПРОБЛЕМЫ И ПОСЛЕДСТВИЯХубиеваД. Х.-Д.АмлаевК. Р.МажаровВ. Н.КравченкоО. О.ЗафироваВ. Б.ФГБОУ ВО «Ставропольский государственный медицинский университет», 355017, Ставрополь, Россия0907202432768168602072025Copyright © 1970, АО "Шико"1970В данной статье рассматриваются вопросы, связанные с употреблением психоактивных веществ во время пандемии COVID-19. Глобальный характер этого кризиса по всему миру оказал значительное влияние на жизнь людей, включая их психическое здоровье. Введение карантина и меры «изоляции» стали одними из мер по контролю распространения болезни, но такие ограничения привели к появлению различных неблагоприятных психологических реакций: тревоги, депрессии, посттравматического стрессового расстройства, а также к случаям членовредительства и даже самоубийства. Все эти факторы могут отрицательно повлиять на другие аспекты здоровья и привести к увеличению употребления алкоголя и других психоактивных веществ. Стресс, социальная изоляция, непредсказуемость будущего, потеря работы или дохода — всё это может стать побуждающими факторами для людей обратиться к алкоголю или другим веществам в поисках расслабления или эмоциональной поддержки. Однако такие стратегии являются краткосрочными и нерациональными, т. к. употребление алкоголя только ухудшает психическое состояние и дополнительно увеличивает риск развития психических проблем.COVID-19COVID-19pandemicpsychoactive substancesalcoholmental healthпандемияпсихоактивные веществаалкогольпсихическое здоровье[Clay J. M., Parker M. O. Alcohol use and misuse during the COVID-19 pandemic: a potential public health crisis? // Lancet Public Health. 2020. Vol. 5, N 5. P. e259. DOI: 10.1016/S24682667(20)30088-8][Rogers A. H., Shepherd J. M., Garey L., Zvolensky M. J. Psychological factors associated with substance use initiation during the COVID-19 pandemic // Psychiatry Res. 2020. Vol. 293. P. 113407. DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113407][Czeisler M. É., Lane R. I., Petrosky E. et al. Mental health, substance use, and suicidal ideation during the COVID-19 pandemic—United States, June 24–30, 2020 // Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep. 2020. Vol. 69, N 32. P. 1049–1057. DOI: 10.15585/mmwr.mm6932a1][Lapeyre-Mestre M., Boucher A., Daveluy A. et al. Addictovigilance contribution during COVID-19 epidemic and lockdown in France // Therapies. 2020. Vol. 75, N 4. P. 343–354. DOI: 10.1016/j.therap.2020.06.006][Ornell F., Moura H. F., Scherer J. N. et al. The COVID-19 pandemic and its impact on substance use: implications for prevention and treatment // Psychiatry Res. 2020. Vol. 289. P. 113096. DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113096][Vecchio S., Ramella R., Drago A. et al. COVID-19 pandemic and people with opioid use disorder: innovation to reduce risk // Psychiatry Res. 2020. Vol. 289. P. 113047. DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113047][Dubey S., Biswas P., Ghosh R. et al. Psychosocial impact of COVID-19 // Diabetes Metab. Syndr. Clin. Res. Rev. 2020. Vol. 14, N 5. P. 779–788. DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2020.05.035][Lynch F. L., Peterson E. L., Lu C. Y. et al. Substance use disorders and risk of suicide in a general US population: a case control study // Addict. Sci. Clin. Prac. 2020. Vol. 15, N 1. P. 14. DOI: 10.1186/s13722-020-0181-1][Ahmed M. Z., Ahmed O., Aibao Z. et al. Epidemic of COVID-19 in China and associated psychological problems // Asian J. Psychiatry. 2020. Vol. 51. P. 102092. DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2020.102092.][Knell G., Robertson M. C., Dooley E. E. et al. Health behavior changes during COVID-19 pandemic and subsequent «stay-athome» orders // Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health. 2020. Vol. 17, N 17. P. 6268. DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17176268][Romero-Blanco C., Rodríguez-Almagro J., Onieva-Zafra M. D. et al. Physical activity and sedentary lifestyle in university students: changes during confinement due to the COVID-19 pandemic // Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health. 2020. Vol. 17, N 18. P. 6567. DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17186567][Chodkiewicz J., Talarowska M., Miniszewska J. et al. Alcohol consumption reported during the COVID-19 pandemic: the initial stage // Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health. 2020. Vol. 17, N 13. P. 4677. DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17134677][Newby J., O’Moore K., Tang S. et al. Acute mental health responses during the COVID-19 pandemic in Australia // PLoS ONE. 2020. Vol. 15, N 7. P. e0236562. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0236562][Gritsenko V., Skugarevsky O., Konstantinov V. et al. COVID 19 fear, stress, anxiety, and substance use among Russian and Belarusian University students // Int. J. Ment. Health Addict. 2021. Vol. 19, N 6. P. 2362–2368. DOI: 10.1007/s11469-020-00330-z][Silczuk A. Threatening increase in alcohol consumption in physicians quarantined due to coronavirus outbreak in Poland: the ALCOVID survey // J. Public Health. 2020. Vol. 42, N 3. P. 461–465. DOI: 10.1093/pubmed/fdaa110][Panno A., Carbone G. A., Massullo C. et al. COVID-19 related distress is associated with alcohol problems, social media and food addiction symptoms: insights from the italian experience during the lockdown // Front. Psychiatry. 2020. Vol. 11. P. 1314. DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.577135][Håkansson A. Impact of COVID-19 on online gambling — a general population survey during the pandemic // Front. Psychology. 2020. Vol. 11. P. 568543. DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.568543][Đogaš Z., Kalcina L. L., Dodig I. P. et al. The effect of COVID-19 lockdown on lifestyle and mood in Croatian general population: a cross-sectional study // Croat. Med. J. 2020. Vol. 61, N 4. P. 309–318. DOI: 10.3325/cmj.2020.61.309][Grigoletto V., Cognigni M., Occhipinti A. A. et al. Rebound of severe alcoholic intoxications in adolescents and young adults after CoViD-19 lockdown // J. Adol. Health. 2020. Vol. 67, N 5. P. 727–729. DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2020.08.017][Leichtle S. W., Rodas E. B., Procter L. et al. The influence of a statewide “Stay-at-Home” order on trauma volume and patterns at a level 1 trauma center in the united states // Injury. 2020. Vol. 51, N 11. P. 2437–2441. DOI: 10.1016/j.injury.2020.08.014][Van Laar M. W., Oomen P. E., Van Miltenburg C. J., Vercoulen E., Freeman T. P., Hall W. D. Cannabis and COVID-19: reasons for concern // Front. Psychiatry. 2020. Vol. 11. P. 1419. DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.601653][Boehnke K. F., McAfee J., Ackerman J. M., Kruger D. J. Medication and substance use increases among people using cannabis medically during the COVID-19 pandemic // Int. J. Drug Policy. 2020. Vol. 92. P. 103053. DOI: 10.1016/j.drugpo.2020][Rodriguez L. M., Litt D. M., Stewart S. H. Drinking to cope with the pandemic: the unique associations of COVID-19-related perceived threat and psychological distress to drinking behaviors in American men and women // Addict. Behav. 2020. Vol. 110. P. 106532. DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2020.106532][Sallie S. N., Ritou V., Bowden-Jones H., Voon V. Assessing international alcohol consumption patterns during isolation from the COVID-19 pandemic using an online survey: highlighting negative emotionality mechanisms // BMJ Open. 2020. Vol. 10, N 11. P. e044276. DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-044276][Vanderbruggen N., Matthys F., Van Laere S. et al. Self-reported alcohol, tobacco, and Cannabis use during COVID-19 lockdown measures: results from a web-based survey // Eur. Addict. Res. 2020. Vol. 26, N 6. P. 309–315. DOI: 10.1159/000510822][Wardell J. D., Kempe T., Rapinda K. K. et al. Drinking to cope during COVID‐19 pandemic: the role of external and internal factors in coping motive pathways to alcohol use, solitary drinking, and alcohol problems // Alcohol. Clin. Exp. Res. 2020. Vol. 44, N 10. P. 2073–2083. DOI: 10.1111/acer.14425][McPhee M. D., Keough M. T., Rundle S. et al. Depression, environmental reward, coping motives and alcohol consumption during the COVID-19 pandemic // Front. Psychiatry. 2020. Vol. 11. P. 1128. DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.574676][Kim J. U., Majid A., Judge R. et al. Effect of COVID-19 lockdown on alcohol consumption in patients with pre-existing alcohol use disorder // Lancet Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 2020. Vol. 5, N 10. P. 886–887. DOI: 10.1016/S2468-1253(20)30251-X][Dumas T. M., Ellis W., Litt D. M. What does adolescent substance use look like during the COVID-19 pandemic? examining changes in frequency, social contexts, and pandemic-related predictors // J. Adol. Health. 2020. Vol. 67, N 3. P. 354–361. DOI: 10.1016/j.jadоhealth.2020.06.018][Ballivian J., Alcaide M. L., Cecchini D. et al. Impact of COVID-19-related stress and lockdown on mental health among people living with HIV in Argentina // J. Acquired Immune Defic. Syndr. 2020. Vol. 85, N 4. P. 475–482. DOI: 10.1097/QAI.0000000000002493][Hawke L. D., Barbic S., Voineskos A. et al. Impacts of COVID-19 on youth mental health, substance use, and wellbeing: a rapid survey of clinical and community samples // Can. J. Psychiatry. 2020. Vol. 65. P. 701–709. DOI: 10.1177/0706743720940562][Martinotti G., Alessi M. C., Di Natale C. et al. Psychopathological burden and quality of life in substance users during the COVID-19 lockdown period in Italy // Front. Psychiatry. 2020. Vol. 11. P. 896. DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.572245][Rolland B., Haesebaert F., Zante E. et al. Global changes and factors of increase in caloric/salty food intake, screen use, and substance use during the early COVID-19 containment phase in the general population in france: survey study // JMIR Public Health Surveill. 2020. Vol. 6, N 3. DOI: 10.2196/19630][Sanchez T. H., Zlotorzynska M., Rai M., Baral S. D. Characterizing the impact of COVID-19 on men who have sex with men across the United States in April, 2020 // AIDS Behav. 2020. Vol. 24, N 7. P. 2024–2032. DOI: 10.1007/s10461-020-02894-2][Glober N., Mohler G., Huynh P. et al. Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on drug overdoses in Indianapolis // J. Urban Health. 2020. Vol. 97, N 6. P. 802–807. DOI: 10.1007/s11524-020-00484-0][Marais C., Soderstrom J., Fatovich D. Comparison of illicit drug‐related presentations to the emergency department: Pre‐COVID versus COVID // Emerg. Med. Australas. 2020. Vol. 32, N 5. P. 901–901. DOI: 10.1111/1742-6723.13597][Ochalek T. A., Cumpston K. L., Wills B. K. et al. Nonfatal opioid overdoses at an urban emergency department during the COVID-19 pandemic // JAMA. 2020. Vol. 324, N 16. P. 1673–1674. DOI: 10.1001/jama.2020.17477][Slavova S., Rock P., Bush H. M. et al. Signal of increased opioid overdose during COVID-19 from emergency medical services data // Drug Alcohol Depend. 2020. Vol. 214. P. 108176. DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2020.108176][Lechner W. V., Laurene K. R., Patel S. et al. Changes in alcohol use as a function of psychological distress and social support following COVID-19 related University closings // Addict. Behav. 2020. Vol. 110. P. 106527. DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2020.106527][Wang Y., Lu H., Hu M. et al. Alcohol consumption in China before and during CoViD-19: preliminary results from an online retrospective survey // Front. Psychiatry. 2020. Vol. 11. P. 597826. DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.597826][Yazdi K., Fuchs-Leitner I., Rosenleitner J., Gerstgrasser N. W. Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on patients with alcohol use disorder and associated risk factors for relapse // Front. Psychiatry. 2020. Vol. 11. P. 1470. P. 620612. DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.620612][Vidot D. C., Islam J. Y., Camacho-Rivera M. et al. The COVID-19 cannabis health study: results from an epidemiologic assessment of adults who use cannabis for medicinal reasons in the United States // J. Addict. Dis. 2021. Vol. 39, N 1. P. 26–36. DOI: 10.1080/10550887.2020.1811455]