Problems of Social Hygiene, Public Health and History of MedicineProblems of Social Hygiene, Public Health and History of Medicine0869-866X2412-2106Joint-Stock Company Chicot153110.32687/0869-866X-2024-32-4-870-874НеопределенThe Soviet-Chinese cooperation in production of penicillin in the 1950sSherstnevaE Vlena_scherstneva@mail.ruN. A. Semashko National Research Institute of Public Health, 105064, Moscow, Russia1708202432426042025Copyright © 2025,2025<p>The article considers, on the basis of analysis of archival documents, issue of Soviet-Chinese cooperation in field of production of penicillin in the 1950s. The main attention is paid to history of construction of penicillin plant in Shijiazhuang. It is demonstrated that it was carried out on preferential terms for China and it was under special control of the USSR government. The building of plant was bound by great difficulties conditioned by range of project, specifics of production conditions in China, special requests of customer, necessity to manufacture non-standard equipment. The implementation of this project of enormous humanitarian significance was at the same time manifestation of concurrence between the USSR and the USA for geopolitical and ideological influence in East Asia.</p>penicillinantibioticsthe USSR, ChinaпенициллинантибиотикиСССРКитай1.Dai Jianbing. State North China Pharmaceutical Plant “Huayao” as an element of the urban historical memory of Shijiazhuang. In the book: Relations between Russia and China: past, present, future. Proceedings of the international scientific conference. Moscow: ANO “Research Institute of History, Economics and Law”; 2019. P. 51–73 (in Russian).2.Cheng Hong. Soviet specialists in Shijiazhuang: from the history of Soviet-Chinese cooperation in the 1950s. In: Relations between Russia and China: past, present, future. Proceedings of the international scientific conference. Moscow: ANO “Research Institute of History, Economics and Law”; 2019. P. 73–88 (in Russian).3.Ratmanov P. E. Soviet-Chinese cooperation in the field of healthcare in the 50–60s of the twentieth century. Vestnik obshchestvennogo zdorov'ya i zdravoohraneniya Dal'nego Vostoka Rossii. 2012;(1):1–16 (in Russian).4.Nagornykh O. S. On the issue of the work of Soviet specialists in the PRC in 1949–1960 (using the example of medical workers). Sovremennaya nauchnaya my`sl`. 2022;(4):150–60 (in Russian).5.Mamaeva N. L., Sotnikova I. N., Verchenko A. L. USSR participation in the reconstruction and construction of “156 production facilities” in the PRC in the 1950s. New facts and circumstances of Soviet-Chinese cooperation. Rep. ed. N. L. Mamaevа: Institute of Far East RAS. Moscow: Publishing house “Ves Mir”; 2018. 600 p. (in Russian).6.Bashkuev V. Yu. “Soft power” of Soviet medicine in the Foreign East. 1920s–1940s. Khabarovsk; 2021 (in Russian).7.Sherstneva E. V. International participation in organizing the production of antibiotics in the USSR: the “penicillin project” of the United Nations Relief and Reconstruction Administration (1946–1947). Problemy social'noj gigieny, zdravoohraneniya i istorii mediciny. 2021;29(2):373–78 (in Russian).8.Valashek E. R. From the experience of designing medical drug enterprises in socialist countries. Medicinskaya promyshlennost' SSSR. 1958;(5):25–30 (in Russian).9.Zhang Wei-sheng. Research and production of antibiotics in China. Antibiotiki. 1956;1(1):57 (in Russian).