Problems of Social Hygiene, Public Health and History of MedicineProblems of Social Hygiene, Public Health and History of Medicine0869-866X2412-2106Joint-Stock Company Chicot149610.32687/0869-866X-2024-32-3-474-479НеопределенThe participation of the USSR in development of penicillin industry in the Eastern EuropeSherstnevaE Vlena_scherstneva@mail.ruN. A. Semashko National Research Institute of Public Health, 105064, Moscow, Russia290620243232204202522042025Copyright © 2025,2025<p>The article considers on the basis of analysis of archival documents issue of rendering assistance by the Soviet Union to the countries of Eastern Europe to organize production of penicillin. It is established that by the mid of 1950s, modern powerful plants were launched in Bulgaria, Romania and Czechoslovakia by the forces of Soviet engineers . Their construction was carried out on preferential terms for countries-customers. The mutually beneficial cooperation in sphere of production of antibiotics carried out and with other countries of this region. It is demonstrated that the USSR, performing task of enormous humanitarian significance in conditions of the Cold War, simultaneously implemented another goal formation of loyalty of population of these countries and organization of coalition of friendly states on its Western borders.</p>penicillinpenicillin industrythe USSREastern Europeпенициллинпенициллиновая промышленностьСССРВосточная Европа1.Valashek E. R. From the experience of designing medical preparation enterprises in the socialist countries. Medicinskaya promyshlennost' SSSR. 1958;3(5):25–30 (in Russian).2.Natradze A. G. Essay on the development of the chemical and pharmaceutical industry [Ocherk razvitiya khimiko-farmatsevticheskoy promyshlennosti]. Moscow: Medicine; 1966. 228 p. (in Russian).3.Łotysz S. A Bargain or a “Mousetrap”? A Reused Penicillin Plant and the Yugoslavians’ Quest for a Healthier Life in the Early Post-War Era A Bargain or a “Mousetrap”?: A Reused Penicillin Plant and the Yugoslavians’ Quest for a Healthier Life in the Early Post-War Era. In: The Persistence of Technology: Histories of Repair, Reuse and Disposal, ed. by S. Krebs and H. Weber, Bielefeld: transcript Verlag; 2021. P. 185–204. doi: 10.1515/9783839447413-0104.Activities of the Office of the SVAG to study the achievements of German science and technology in the Soviet zone of occupation of Germany. 1945–1949: Collection of documents [Deyatel'nost' Upravleniya SVAG po izucheniyu dostizheniy nemetskoy nauki i tekhniki v Sovetskoy zone okkupatsii Germanii. 1945–1949: Sbornik dokumentov]. Answer. ed. V. V. Zakharov. Moscow: Russian Political Encyclopedia, ROSSPEN; 2007. 704 p. (in Russian).5.Domnik V. Pharmaceutical industry of the GDR. Medicinskaya promyshlennost' SSSR. 1962;7(11):58–9 (in Russian).6.Alikhanyan S. I. Mindlin S. Z. New active strains of penicillium. Hybrid-31 (beige). Antibiotiki. 1956;1(2):36–40 (in Russian).7.Alikhanyan S. I., Borisova L. N., Klepikova F. S., Lyubinskaya S. I. Mindlin S. Z. New active strains of penicillium (“New Hybrid”). Antibiotiki. 1956;1(3):3–6 (in Russian).8.Alikhanyan S. I., Goldat S. Yu., Klepikova F. S., Mindlin S. Z. The use of ethyleneimine in the selection of penicillin-producing strains. Antibiotiki. 1957;2(1):33–6 (in Russian).