Problems of Social Hygiene, Public Health and History of MedicineProblems of Social Hygiene, Public Health and History of Medicine0869-866X2412-2106Joint-Stock Company Chicot144110.32687/0869-866X-2024-32-1-111-116НеопределенGaston Ramon and concise history of anatoxins (to the centenary of discovery)ErmolayevAndrey Vermolaev2007@inbox.ruErshovAndrey Eershov-ae@rudn.ruSorokinaTatiana Ssorokina-ts@rudn.ruPodoprigoraIrina Vpodoprigora-iv@rudn.ruThe Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education “The Patrice Lumumba Peoples' Friendship University” of Russia of Minobrnauka of Russia (RUDN University), 117198, Moscow, Russia110220243211904202519042025Copyright © 2025,2025<p>The article analyzes past history, main milestones of making, research and improvement of anatoxins from works of Gaston Ramon who first proposed 100 years ago method of obtaining reliable vaccine preparation (anatoxin) on the basis of formalin neutralized diphtheria (and then tetanus) toxin (19221923) to nowadays scientific achievements in prevention and treatment of these infectious diseases.</p>history of microbiology and vaccinologyGaston Ramonanatoxinsdiphtheriatetanusистория микробиологии и вакцинологииГастон Рамонанатоксиныдифтериястолбняк[Chekhov A. P. Complete works in 30 volumes [Polnoe sobranie sochineniy v 30 tomakh]. Moscow; 1986. Vol. 8. P. 7–31 (in Russian).][Ramon G. Forty years of scientific research [Sorok let issledovatel’skoy raboty]. Translated from French. Ed. by P. F. Zdrodovsky. Moscow: Medgiz; 1962. 459 p. (in Russian).][Frolov V. A., Dalin M. V. Diphtheritic heart [Difteriynoe serdtse]. Moscow; RUDN; 1996. 206 p. (in Russian).][Dalin M. V., Fish N. G. Protein toxins of microbes [Belkovye toksiny mikrobov]. Moscow: Meditsina; 1980. 224 p. (in Russian).][Gamaleïa N. F. De l’action des ferments solubles sur le poison diphtheritique. C. R. Soc. de Biol. 1892; serie 44:153–5.][Nozdrachev A. D., Mar’yanovich A. T., Polyakov E. L., Sibarov D. A., Khavinson V. H. Nobel Prizes in Physiology or Medicine for 100 years [Nobelevskie premii po fiziologii ili meditsine za 100 let]. 2nd ed. St. Petersburg: Gumanistika; 2003. 752 p. (in Russian).][Erlich P. Uber die Constitution des Diphtheriegiftes. Deutsche Med. Wochenscher. 1898;38:597–600.][Gilbrin, E. Gaston Ramon (1886–1963). Le soixantième anniversaire des anatoxines. Histoire des Sciences médicales. 1984;18(1):53–60.][Stratton K. R., Howe C. J., Johnston R. B. Jr. Adverse Events Associated with Childhood Vaccines. In: Evidence Bearing on Causality. Part 5. Diphtheria and Tetanus Toxoids. Washington (DC): National Academies Press (US); 1994. 480 p.][Ramon G. Sur l’immunisation antitetenique et sur la production de l’antitoxinum. Compt. Rend. Soc. Biol. 1925;93:508–9.][Glenny A. Th., Buttle G. A., Stevens M. F. Rate of disappearance of diphtheria toxoid injected into rabbits and guinea pigs: toxoid precipitated with alum. J. Pathol. Bacteriol. 1931;34(2):267–75.][Vorob’ev A. A. Sorption on aluminum hydroxide of a specific antigen of tetanus anatoxins with various purification degrees. J. M. E. I. 1955;(7):8–10 (in Russian).][Vorob’ev A. A., Vasil’ev N. N., Kravchenko A. T. Anatoxins [Anatoksiny]. Мoscow: Meditsina; 1965. 488 p. (in Russian).][Vorob’ev A. A. Immunogenicity of deposited anatoxin depending on the degree of antigen sorption. Bulleten’ eksperimental’noy biologii i meditsiny. 1955;(3):70–3 (in Russian).][Bizzini B. Structure, composition and principles of detoxication of Diphtheria and Tetanus toxin. In: Proceedings of an informal consultation on the WHO requirements of Diphtheria, Tetanus, Pertussis and combined vaccines (30 May — 1 June 1988, Geneva; Swaziland). Geneva: DHHS &, FDA USA; 1991. P. 3–6.][Fish N. G. Materials for characteristics of a specific antigen in diphtheria anatoxin preparation [Materialy k kharakteristike spetsificheskogo antigena v preparatakh difteriynogo anatoksina]. Moscow; 1970 (in Russian).][Ermolaev A. V., Dalin M. V., Zakgeym D. A. et al. The use of stepwise membrane diafiltration in the industrial purification of tetanus anatoxin. In: Biomeditsinskie technologii. Iss. 4. Moscow; 1996. P. 87–94 (in Russian).][Ermolaev A. V., Dalin M. V., Yakushevich Yu. E. Method for obtaining polymeric and oligomeric fraction of tetanus anatoxin. Patent RF N 2065765; 1996 (in Russian).]